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Description
Flashcards by jlestrada0912, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by jlestrada0912
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Anatomy | Studies the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another |
| Physiology | Concerns the function of the body, in other words, how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities |
| Macroscopic Anatomy (Gross) | The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as the heart, lungs, and kidneys. |
| Regional Anatomy | All the structures (muscles, bones, blood vessels, nerves, etc.) in a particular region of the body, such as the abdomen or leg, are examined at the same time. |
| Systemic Anatomy | The body structure is studied system by system |
| Surface Anatomy | The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface |
| Microscopic Anatomy | Deals with structures too small to be seen with the naked eye |
| Cytology | The study of cells of the body |
| Histology | The study of tissues |
| Developmental Anatomy | Traces structural changes that occur in the body throughout the life span |
| Embryology | A subdivision of developmental anatomy, concerns developmental changes that occur before birth |
| Pathological Anatomy | Studies structural changes caused by disease |
| Radiographic Anatomy | Studies internal structures as visualized by X-ray images or specialized scanning procedures |
| Renal Physiology | Concerns kidney function and urine production |
| Cardiovascular Physiology | Examines the operation of the heart and blood vessels |
| Neurophysiology | Explains the workings of the nervous system |
| Principle of Complementarity of Structure and Function | Function always reflects structure. That is, what the structure can do depends on its specific form. |
| Levels of Structural Organization | 1. Chemical level 2. Cellular level 3. Tissue level 4. Organ level 5. Organ System level 6. Organismal level |
| Chemical Level | The simplest level of the structural hierarchy. At this level, atoms, tiny building blocks of matter, combine to form molecules such as water and proteins. |
| Cellular Level | Cells are the smallest unites of living things and makeup the cellular level of the hierarchy. |
| Tissue Level | Human beings are complex organisms that fall into the tissue level of the hierarchy. Tissues are groups of similar cells that have a common function. |
| Four Basic Types of Tissue in the Human Body | 1. Epithelium 2. Muscle 3. Connective Tissue 4. Nervous Tissue |
| Organ Level | This level is where extremely complex functions become possible. |
| Organ System Level | Organs that work together to accomplish a common purpose make up an organ system. |
| Organismal Level | The highest level of organization is the organism, the living human being. This level represents the sum total of all structural levels working together to keep us alive. |
| Digestive System | Takes in nutrients, breaks them down, and eliminates unabsorbed matter (feces) |
| Respiratory System | Takes in oxygen and eliminates carbon dioxide |
| Cardiovascular System | Via the blood, distributes oxygen and nutrients to all body cells and delivers wastes and carbon dioxide to disposal organs |
| Urinary System | Eliminates nitrogenous wastes and excess ions |
| Integumentary System | Protects the body as a whole from external environment |
| Maintaining Boundaries | Every living organism must maintain its boundaries so that its internal environment (it's inside) remains distinct from the external environment surrounding it (it's outside) |
| Movement | Movement includes the activities promoted by the muscular system, such as propelling ourselves from one place to another |
| Responsiveness | Also known as, excitability, is the ability to sense changes (which serve as stimuli) in the environment and then respond to them |
| Digestion | Digestion is the breaking down of ingested foodstuffs to simple molecules that can be absorbed into the blood. |
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