31862477
Description
Flashcards by Nik Zulaikha, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Nik Zulaikha
over 4 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is a mutation? | A mutation is the change in the base sequence of the DNA. |
| Which one is correct? i. Mutations are alterations in the DNA molecules making up the genes. ii. Mutations will be passed from a parent cell to its descendants (inherited defects) iii. Humans carry a mutation in their reproductive cells which leads to observable defect (inherited disease) iv. Mutations can result from DNA copying mistakes made during cell division, exposure to ionizing radiation, exposure to chemicals called mutagens, or infection by viruses. | ALL IS CORRECT |
| What is a silent mutation? | A mutation in the DNA sequence has no effect on the operation of the cell. 1. the base change occurs in the non coding DNA between genes. 2. When the change occurs in the introns within many of the eukaryotic genes. Intron is cut out and discarded when the mRNA is made, so an alteration in its sequence will not affect the final protein |
| When the change occurs in the introns within many of the eukaryotic genes. Intron is cut out and discarded when the mRNA is made, so an alteration in its sequence will .............. the final protein. what is in the blank space ?? | will not affect |
| what type of mutation is this? | Silent Mutation |
| "one amino acid in a protein is replaced with a different amino acid." which type of mutation is this? | Missense mutation |
| a protein that folds properly at low temperatures but at high temperatures is unstable and unfolds. What type of mutation is this? | Temperature-sensitive mutation, a type of MISSENSE mutation |
| this type of mutation able to cause death and also called a chain termination mutation. what is it? Describe it. | Nonsense Mutation. the change in codon will comes to STOP mutant. Example of the STOP codons are UAG, UGA and UAA. |
| diabetes and muscular dystrophy is | inherited diseases |
| inherited defects? | cleft palates and color blindness |
| is it true mutation is inherited? | yes. 1. When DNA molecule replicates, any changes due to mutations of the original DNA the base sequence will be duplicated and passed on to the next generation.. |
| which mutation has conservative substitution and radical replacement? | MISSENSE MUTATION. Conservative substitution = Most changes from one amino acid to another amino acid with similar chemical properties will be relatively mild and usually not easy to die. (ALA --->GLY) radical replacement = If the exchange is made in a critical region of the protein, such as its active site, its activity might be destroyed completely. (ALA ---> GLU) |
| What will happen with just a single base deletion? | The protein sequence will be completely disrupted |
| Whenever a mutation changes the reading frame, it is known as? | frameshift mutation (( insertion )) |
| Which mutation that there is an inverted segment of the DNA? | INVERSION |
| A translocation is when a section of DNA is? | IS REMOVED from its original position and moved to another location. |
| what causes mutation? | 1. Induced mutation which are chemical mutagens and physical mutagen. 2. Spontaneous mutation due to errors in DNA replication |
| For gene disruption, a deliberately designed segment of DNA is used known as? | gene cassette, it carries a gene for resistance to some antibiotic such as chloramphenicol and kanamycin |
| Fill in the blanks. Sometimes, when relocating, transposons .............. themselves into the middle of .......... | spontaneously insert ..... another gene |
| Most hot spots are due to the presence of occasional? | methylcytosine bases in the DNA |
| an insertion mutation can be corrected by a? | a second-site deletion |
| Chemical mutagens can be detected by the? | Ames test |
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