3248812
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Flashcards by Rannia Shehrish, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Rannia Shehrish
over 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Quantum number | 1. principal, n (shell) 2. subsidiary, l (subshell) 3. Magnetic, m (orbital) 4. spin, s |
| To find the number of magnetic quantum numbers, what equation do we use? | 2L+1 |
| Relation between the 4 quantum numbers | Principal, n=1,2,3,4,... subsidiary, L = 0 to (n-1) magnetic = -L.....0.....+L spin = ±1/2 |
| Energy of an orbital | energy = n + L eg. energy of 4s² = 4+0 = 4 |
| Values of s, p, d, f | s = 0 p = 1 d = 2 f =3 |
| No two electrons in an atom can have the same values for all four quantum numbers. | Pauli's exclusion principle |
| Electrons first enter into lower energy orbitals and subsequent electrons enter into higher energy orbital gradually. | Aufbau Principle |
| Electron pairing will not take place in orbitals of same energy until each orbital is singly filled. | Hund's Rule |
| Stability depends on: 1. Exchange energy 2. symmetry | 1. The more the exchange energy, the more the stability 2. Symmetry leads to stability |
| 1 angstrom | 1Å=10⁻¹⁰ |
| Equation relating wavelength, frequency and wave velocity | velocity = wavelength X frequency |
| Speed on light in miles/second | 186,000 miles/sec |
| Which EM wave is used for the following? 1. Broadcasting 2. Physiotherapy 3. cooking and telephone transmission 4. Cancer treatment 5. medical diagnosis 6. Analysis of atomic and molecular spectroscopy | 1. Radio 2. Infrared 3. Microwave 4. Gamma-rays 5. X-rays 6. UV |
| Which EM waves have the following wavelength? 1. 800nm to 300,000nm 2. 10^6 to 10^8 3. 10^-3 to 10^-1nm 4. 10^-1 to 10nm 5. 10 to 750nm 6. 10^8 to 10^12nm 7. 400 to 700nm | 1. Infrared 2. microwave 3. Gamma 4. X-rays 5. UV 6. Radio 7. Visible |
| The solar spectrum is a......... | continuous spectrum |
| Planck's Quantum theory | E=hf |
| Emission spectrum of hydrogen | Lyman - UV Balmer - Visible and UV Pashchen - Infrared Brackett - Infrared Pfund - Infrared |
| Fluorescent: 1. absorbs 2. emits | 1. 200 - 375 nm 2. 400 - 780 nm |
| Use of infrared: | 1. treat skin diseases and relieve pain 2. Oncology 3. Vascular disorders 4. respiratory disorders 5. Skeletal and neuromuscular disorders 6. Surgery 7. Tissue viability |
| MRI: | 1. Brain, muscle, connective tissue and tumours. 2. large blood vessels 3. congenital CVD 4. joint problems 5. liver, kidney, spleen, breasts. |
| Flame test: Green | Copper |
| Flame test: persistent golden yellow | Sodium |
| Flame test: Lilac or violet | Potassium |
| Flame test: Dull orange red | Calcium |
| Flame test: apple green | Barium |
| Flame test: Crimson red | Strontium |
| Flame test: Green flashes | Zinc or Manganese |
| Flame test: Dull bluish white | lead and bismuth |
| Units of solubility | mol/L g/L |
| All Group I, Ammonium and nitrate ions are...... | Soluble |
| Most halides and sulphates are soluble except.... | Lead, mercury and silver halides and lead, calcium, mercury and barium sulphates |
| Most carbonates, phosphates, hydroxides and sulfides are.... | insoluble |
| 1. Ionic product < solubility product 2. Ionic product = solubility product 3. Ionic product > solubility product | 1. Unsaturated 2. Saturated 3. Supersaturated. Precipitation occurs. |
| At a particular temperature, the solubility product is .... | constant |
| Most silver salts are.... | insoluble. except AgNO3 |
| Soluble Carbonates and phosphates are of | Group I and Ammonium |
| Soluble Sulfides are | Group I, Group II and ammonium sulfides |
| Potassium Ferrocyanide: 1. Reddish brown ppt 2. Pale blue 3. Deep blue | 1. Copper 2. Iron II 3. Iron III |
| H2S is added to the salt solution to give white ppt | Zinc |
| Ammonium oxolate reacts with the solution to give a white ppt | Calcium |
| Potassium pyroantimonate is added to the solution to give white ppt | Sodium |
| Nessler's solution is added to give Brown ppt | Ammonium ion |
| Barium nitrate or lead acetate is added to the solution to give a white ppt | sulphate |
| 1. barium nitrate and heat 2. barium nitrate and aqueous solution | 1. Carbonate 2. Sulphate |
| Nitric acid followed by silver nitrate gives: 1. white ppt 2. cream ppt 3. yellow ppt | 1. Chloride 2. Bromide 3. Iodide |
| Add sodium hydroxide, white ppt. With excess the ppt dissolves. | zinc |
| Add ammonium hydroxide - white ppt. Add sodium hydroxide - ppt dissolves. Add ammonium hydroxide again - white ppt forms. | Aluminium |
| Potassium ferricyanide: 1. blue ppt 2. brown ppt | 1. iron II 2. iron III |
| 1. potassium ferrocyanide give reddish brown ppt. 2. ammonium hydroxide gives light blue ppt. In excess, the ppt dissolves to give a deep blue solution. 3. Potassium iodide gives white ppt. | Copper |
| Cubic | NaCl, KCl, Diamond, Zinc blende, Ag, Cu |
| Tetragonal | Tin, Tin oxide (white tin), tin chloride and TiO2 |
| Orthorhombic | Rhombic sulphur, BaSO4, KNO3, PbCO3 |
| Monoclinic | Monoclinic Sulfur, CaSO4.2H2O, Na2SO4.10H2O, FeSO4.7H2O |
| Rhombohedral | CaCO3 (Calcite), As, Sb, NaNO3, Ice |
| Triclinic | K2Cr2O7, H2BO3, CuSO3.5H2O |
| Hexagonal | Graphite, ZnO, CdS, Quartz |
| Simple Distillation | 1. Used to separate liquids which do not separate at b.p at normal rtp. 2. Difference between the b.p of the two liquids has to be at least 60C. |
| Simple distillation can be used to separate: | 1. Chloroform (bp 334K) and aniline (bp 457K). 2. Benzene (bp 353K) and aniline (bp 457K). 3. Ether (bp 308K) and toluene (457K). |
| Fractional distillation | Difference between the bp should be less than 40C. |
| Uses of fractional distillation | 1. Refining of petroleum. 2. Separation of coal-tar. 3. Separation of light oil. 4. Fermentation of sugar. |
| Steam distillation | 1. Volatile in steam and not miscible in water. 2. High vapour pressure. 3. Non- volatile impurity. |
| Atmospheric pressure = | vapor pressure of organic substance + vapor pressure of water |
| For solvent extraction you need | an organic solvent in which the impurities do not dissolve. |
| Chromatography is of 2 types. They are: | 1. Adsorption 2. Partition |
| Adsorption chromatography is of 2 types. They are: | 1. Column 2. Thin layer |
| Partition chromatography is of 2 types. They are: | 1. Paper 2. Gas |
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