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| Question | Answer |
| Muscles of the Shoulder Girdle | MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER GIRDLE TRAPEZIUS (Upper Division) TRAPEZIUS (Middle Division) TRAPEZIUS (Lower Division) LEVATOR SCAPULAE RHOMBOID MAJOR RHOMBOID MINOR SERRATUS ANTERIOR PECTORALIS MINOR SUBCALVIUS |
| Posterior View TRAPEZIUS (Upper Division) | Posterior View TRAPEZIUS (Upper Division) ORIGIN: External occipital protuberance, medial 1/3 of superior nuchal line, ligamentum nuchae and spinous process of the 7th cervical vertebrae. INSERTION: Lateral 1/3 of clavicle and acromion p |
| Posterior View TRAP EZIUS (Middle Division) | Posterior View TRAP EZIUS (Middle Division) ORIGIN: Spinous processes of 1st - 5th thoracic vertebrae. INSERTION: Superior border of spine of scapula. ACTION: Retracts and aids in elevation of scapula. NERVE SUPPLY: Spinal accessory and ve |
| Posterior View TRAPEZIUS (Lower Division) | Posterior View TRAPEZIUS (Lower Division) ORIGIN: Spinous processes of 6th - 12th thoracic vertebrae. INSERTION: Medial 1/3 of spine of the scapula. ACTION: Depresses the scapula. Retracts the scapula. Rotates the scapula upwards so the g |
| Posterior View LEVATOR SCAPULAE | Posterior View LEVATOR SCAPULAE ORIGIN: Transverse processes of first four cervical vertebrae. INSERTION: Vertebral border of scapula between superior angle and scapular spine. ACTION: Elevates the scapula and rotates the scapula downwards so the glenoid cavity faces inferiorly. Working with the upper trapezius, elevates and retracts the scapula. REVERSED ORIGIN-INSERTION ACTION: When scapula is fixed, laterally flexes and slightly rotate_s cervical spine to the same side. NERVE SUPPLY: Dorsal scapular C5, and ventral rami of C3, 4. SYNERGISTS: Rhomboids and trapezius. |
| Posterior View RHOMBOID MAJOR | Posterior View RHOMBOID MAJOR ORIGIN: Spinous processes of 2nd - 5th thoracic vertebrae. INSERTION: Medial border of scapula from spine to inferior angle. ACTION: Retracts and elevates the scapula. The inferior fibers aid in rotating the glenoid cavity inferiorly. NERVE SUPPLY: Dorsal scapular, C4, 5. SYNERGISTS: Upper, middle and lower trapezius, levator scapulae, latissimus dorsi, rhomboid minor. |
| Posterior View RHOMBOID MINOR | Posterior View RHOMBOID MINOR ORIGIN: Lower part of ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7 and Ti. INSERTION: Medial border of scapula at the root of the spine of the scapula. ACTION: Retracts and elevates the scapula. Assists in rotating the scapula downwards. NERVE SUPLY: Dorsal scapular, C4, 5. SYNERGISTS: Upper, middle and lower trapezius, levator scapulae, latissimus dorsi and rhomboid major. |
| Lateral View SERRATUS ANTERIOR ORIGIN: | Lateral View SERRATUS ANTERIOR ORIGIN: Superior lateral surfaces of upper 8 or 9 ribs at the side of the chest. INSERTION: Costal surface of the vertebral border along the inferior angle of scapula. ACTION: Protracts scapula and rotates it upwards to point the glenoid cavity superiorly. Stabilizes vertebral border of scapula to thoracic cage, along with rhomboids and middle trapezius. NERVE SUPPLY: Long thoracic, C5, 6, 7. SYNERGIST: Pectoralis minor. (The scapula is pulled back off the rib cage to view the anterior surface of the scapula.) |
| MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER | MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER DELTOID (Anterior Division) DELTOID (Middle Division) DELTOID (Posterior Division) PECTORALIS MAJOR (Sternal Division) PECTORALIS MAJOR (Clavicular Division) CORACOBRACHIALIS LATISSIMUS DORSI TERES MAJOR SUPRASPINATUS INFRASPINATUS TERES MINOR SUBSCAPULARIS |
| Anterior View PECTORAL'S MINOR | Anterior View PECTORAL'S MINOR ORIGIN: Anterior surfaces of 3rd, 4th and 5th ribs near the costal cartilages. INSERTION: Coracoid process of the scapula. ACTION: Depresses scapula and rotates scapula downward. Im-portant anterior shoulder stabilizer. REVERSED ORIGIN-INSERTION ACTION: When the scapula is fixed, it aids in rib elevation in forced inspiration. NERVE SUPPLY: Medial pectoral nerve from brachial plexus, C6, 7, 8. SYNERGISTS: Pectoralis major, serratus anterior. |
| Anterior View SUBCLAVIUS | Anterior View SUBCLAVIUS ORIGIN: 1st rib at the junction of the costal cartilage. INSERTION: Groove on the inferior surface of the clavicle, between the costoclavicular and conoid ligaments. ACTION: Depresses clavicle, pulls it inferiorly and anteriorly. NERVE SUPPLY: Subclavian branch of the brachial plexus, C5, 6. |
| Superior View DELTOID (Middle Division) | Superior View DELTOID (Middle Division) ORIGIN: Superior surface of the acromion process. INSERTION: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus. ACTION: Abduction of the humerus at the shoulder. NERVE SUPPLY: Axillary, C5, 6. SYNERGISTS: Anterior and posterior deltoid divisions, supraspinatus. |
| Superior View DELTOID (Posterior Division) | Superior View DELTOID (Posterior Division) ORIGIN: Inferior margin of spine of scapula. INSERTION: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus. ACTION: Abduction, horizontal extension and lateral rotation of the humerus at the shoulder. NERVE SUPPLY: Axillary, C5, 6. SYNERGISTS: Anterior and middle divisions of deltoid, supraspinatus. |
| Anterior View PECTORALIS MAJOR (Clavicular Division) | Anterior View PECTORALIS MAJOR (Clavicular Division) ORIGIN: Anterior surface of the medial 1/2 of the clavicle. INSERTION: Lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus. Crest of greater tubercle. ACTION: Flexion, adduction, horizontal flexion and medial rotation of the humerus at the shoulder. NERVE SUPPLY: Lateral pectoral, C5, 6. SYNERGISTS: Biceps brachi, pectoralis major (sternal division), latissimus dorsi, deltoid (anterior division). |
| Anterior View PECTORALIS MAJOR (Sternal Division) | Anterior View PECTORALIS MAJOR (Sternal Division) ORIGIN: Sternum to 7th rib, cartilages of true ribs and aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique muscle. INSERTION: Lateral lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus. Crest of greater tubercle. ACTION: Flexion, adduction ,medial rotation and horizontal flexion of the humerus at the shoulder. Also extends flexed humerus. Through its action on the humerus it depresses, protracts and rotates scapula downwards. NERVE SUPPLY: Lateral and medial pectoral, C7, 8, Ti. SYNERGISTS: Latissimus dorsi, subscapularis, teres major. |
| Quadriceps Actions |
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