33860103
Description
Flashcards by amirahhusna hisham, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by amirahhusna hisham
over 3 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| WHAT IS LIVESTOCK | ~Livestock are domesticated animals. ~The meat and other products are a source of food/proteins for humans. ~THE BY-PRODUCT ARE RECYCLED AS ORGANIC FERTILIZER |
| LIVESTOCK IS MADE UP OF | ~MONO-GASTRIC ~RUMINANT ~POULTRY |
| EXAMPLE OF ECONOMIC VALUE FROM LIVESTOCK | ► Meat ► Dairy products ► Source of cash ► Wool ► Fertilizer ► Labour ► Land management ► Value added agriculture waste |
| WHAT IS MONO-GASTRIC | A mono-gastric organism has a simple single-chambered stomach |
| WHAT IS RUMINANT | ruminant organism, has a four-chambered complex stomach. |
| GIVE EXAMPLE OF MONO-GASTRIC ANIMAL (OMN,HERB,CAR) | 1.Omnivores such as rats and pigs, 2.Carnivores such as dogs and cats, 3.Herbivores such as horses and rabbits. |
| WHAT IS THE MEANING OF POULTRY FARMING | is the practice of raising poultry, such as chickens, turkeys, ducks, geese as a subcategory of animal husbandry, for the purpose of farming meat or eggs for food. |
| TYPES OF CHICKEN FARMING | ~FREE RANGE ~SHELTERED ENCLOSURE ~BATTERY CAGE |
| WHAT IS FREE RANGE ? | Free range is a method of chicken farming where the animals, for at least part of the day, can roam freely outdoors, rather than being confined in an enclosure for 24 hours each day. |
| CHARACTERISTIC OF FREE RANGE | ~IN OPEN/INCOVERED, FENCED /UNFENCED ~FEED &WATER ARE PROVIDE AND CHICKEN FREE TO FEED OTHER AVAILABLE FEED IN SURROUNDING ~ANIMAL FREE TO ROAM WITHIN FENCE OR UNFENCED SURROUNDING |
| ADVANTAGES OF FREE RANGE | ~ENABLE POULTRY TO MOVE AROUND ~LIVING IN CLEANER CONDITION THAN BATTERY FARMIING ~LOW MANAGEMENT COST ~LOW EGG PRODUCTION ~LOW FEED COST |
| DISADVANTAGE OF FREE RANGE | ~free range farmers have little control over the food their animals come across which can lead to unreliable productivity ~Usually run for a small scale production |
| WHAT IS FACTORY FARMING? | ~Factory poultry farming =Battery Farming o= Cage Farming system. ~Ventilation ,heating,lighting controlled automatically to maximize the numeber of egg laid ~extra lighting =to facilitate more egg ~extra hormone & growth stimulant=encourage egg production & weight gain |
| ADVANTAGES OF FACTORY FARMING | ~small cages restrict movement & accomodate more bird in per unit area 1.great productivity 2.lower space ~ventilation ,heating ,lighthing, hormone & stimulant 3.lower food cost 4.more egg production ~in factory 5. less risk from predator ~other advt 7. economical & practical |
| DISADVANTAGES OF FACTORY FARMING | ~STRESSED OUT CHICKEN ~CHICKEN PECK EACH OTHER ~50% OF THEM HAVE BONE DISORDER ~FACTORY FARM ARE AT A GREATER RISK OF FIRE DUE TO AMOUNT OF ELECTRICAL EQUIPM ~CRUEL SYSTEM |
| Explain about sheltered enclosure | ~ poultries are kept inside a house rice hulls,shaving peanuts shells used as litter in the floor of house ~the house well equipped with mechanical systems for deliver food and water ~ventilation system , coolers and heater are must ~the house must always be dry & clean |
| ADVANTAGES OF SHELTERED ENCLOSURE | 1.well equipped with mechanical system 2.well ventilation system , coolers and heaters 3.hygienic, as it is important to keep the house always dry and clean |
| DISADVANTAGES OF SHELTERED ENCLOSURE | 1.if one get sick, it will spread to all chickem 2.high investment |
| GIVE EXAMPLE OF POULTRY BREEDS | |
| WHAT ARE MAJOR DIFF BETWEEN RUMINANT AND NON-RUMINANTS | ~Ruminants have 4 stomachs (rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum) allowing the animal to digest cellulose (grass) ~Non-ruminants just have 1 stomach. |
| RUMINANTS FUNCTION TO INDUSTRY | ~SUPPLY MEAT ~SUPPLY MEAT ~DAIRY PRODUCT |
| *MAJORITY OF RUMINANTS OWNED BY SMALLHOLDERS SO THE RUMINANTS ARE MOSTLY REARED ON :- | ~FREE-GRAZING, let loose on paddy field ~or along the roadside ~or in goverment grazing (which normally fenced up) *not systhematic livestock production and can cause problem |
| Cattle can be divided into 2 :- | ~beef cattle ( for meat) ~dairy cattle (for milk) *owned by commercial farmer or goverment departments |
| The cattle are reared on 3 system:- | ~open grazing on improved pasture ~integrated in oil palm /coconut plantations ~under feed-lot-system |
| Explain about open grazing on improved pasture | ~the cattle are roaming in an open pasture field (padang rumput) ~there are selected pasture to be grown and fertlised for cattle feed ~the pasture are high in nutrition (growth) ~it require a large area of land and extra maintenance ~ cattle used : KK-BRAHMAN (beef) & SHAHIWAL-FRIESAN(dairy) ~they need to feed about 3% of their body weight daily (large amount) ~stocking rate are low |
| Malaysia only have few commercial cattle which employ grazing on open improved pasture .Why? | disadvantages ~require huge land ~low number of cattle stocking rate compare to other system |
| pasture species are selected based on.... | ~production rate ~nutritive value ( crude protein and dry matter ) |
| Give examples of pasture for livestock feed | |
| Give example of legume for open grazing | 1. Centro (Centrosema pubescens) 2. Kalopo (Calopogonium mucunoides) 3. Puero (Pueraria phaseoloides) 4. Pintoi (Arachis pintoi) |
| Explain about cattle-oil palm integration system | ~is a cattle farming within palm oil plantations ~cattle fed on under-story vegetation (shrubs ,grass &legume) in oil palm that will reduce cost of weeding ~due to limit under-story vegetation ->extra feeding needed,as well agriculture by-product. ~cattle that only reach suitable age can be introduce to oil palm, to avoid from damaging the plant |
| ADVANTAGES OF INTEGRATING CATTLE WITH OIL PALM | 1.Reduce weeding cost. Weed being consumed by cattle as feed. 2.reduce fertilizer cost. bc dung from animal use as organic fertilizer 3.minimized environmental pollution (no weeding means no usage of herbicide) |
| Disadvantages of Integrating Cattle with Oil Palm | 1.If they graving without control, it can cause soil compaction, drainage damage and oil palm plant damage. 2.If young animal which <18 month is introduce-->injured the young plant 3.may need to add labour and extra cost for maintenance and facility (electrical fence,shed for animal feed) |
| Explain about cattle rearing under feed-lot-system | ~animals are placed in sheltered houses and feeds with high quality feed for the purpose of fattening the animal at a short time possible. ~animal are kept and fattened for about 6 month or when the target weight achieved ~animal sold at target weight 320-350 kg ~250 head of cattle / ha of land |
| what is suitable cattle for feed lot system | ► Imported breed: Brahman, Droughtmaster, Nellore ► Cross breed: Brakmas (KK x Brahman), KK x Nellore ► Local breed: KK (Kedah Kelantan) |
| What cattle in feed-lot-system eat ? | 1.pallet 2.freshly cut pasture 3.silage 4.supplemenyed with mineral salt |
| what is example of agriculture by product that used as animal feed | |
| what is silage? | Silage is a formulation of feed from fermented pasture or agriculture by-product such as biomass from maize, sorghum or any suitable biomass material |
| advantages of silage | 1.can be kept for long time to be used at anytime when needed. 2.to increase the utilization of agriculture byproduct, 3. reduce feed cost and avoid pollution |
| beef cattle | 1.KK (KEDAH-KELANTAN) ~local breed ~small size ~adaptable to local conditon ~can withstand tick attack 2.Brahman ~India breed & big size 3.BRAKMAS ~(KK x BRAHMAN) ~better growth than kk ~high resistance to ecto parasite 4. droughmaster,chalorais & brahmousine ( temperate) |
| dairy cattle | 1. Dairy cattle: - Local Indian Dairy Cattle (LID) - Sahiwal-Friesian crosses 2.Temperate dairy cattle: - Jersey, Friesians, Australian Milking Zebu |
| EXPLAIN ABOUT GOAT FARMING | ~ msia import 87.9% of mutton `~small holder rear goat /sheep at small scale ~no systematic approach ~free-grazing ~shed->goat gets sick when exposed to rain ~similar to feed-lot-system ~fed with commercial pallet & freshly cutter fodder daily |
| goat species *credit picture:Yenxuie (K7) | |
| buffaloes species | i) Murrah buffaloes: for milk ii) Water buffaloes: for meat |
| zoonotic disease | bukak slide |
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