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Description
Flashcards by Ashley Meyer, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Ashley Meyer
almost 3 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Centromere | the point where two sister chromatids are joined |
| Chromosomes | cell structures that contain genetic information |
| Gene |
a small section of a chromosome
Image:
Gene (image/png)
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| Nucleus | a single rounded structure containing genetic material |
| Proteins | large molecules that carry out many functions in living things |
| Sister chromatids | two sides of a chromosomes |
| Traits | characteristics of a living thing |
| Genotype |
the set of alleles an organism has for a trait
Image:
Genopheno (image/png)
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| Phenotype |
an observable trait of an organism
Image:
Genopheno (image/png)
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| Alleles | different forms of a gene |
| Dominant | An allele that is expressed whenever it is present. Dominant alleles are represented by a capital letter. Ex: HH or Hh |
| Homozygous | having two of the same allele for a trait Ex: BB or bb |
| Heterozygous | having two different alleles for a trait Ex: Rr |
| Mutation | a change in genetic information |
| messenger RNA (mRNA) |
a molecule that carries information from genes to the site of protein synthesis in the cell
Image:
M Rna (binary/octet-stream)
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| Amino acids | the building blocks of proteins |
| Harmful mutation | a change in genetic information that causes a disease, disorder, or other negative impact |
| Beneficial mutation | a change in genetic information that helps a living thing survive in its environment |
| Neutral mutation | a change in genetic information that does not affect an organism |
| Recessive | An allele that is expressed when a dominant allele is not present. Recessive alleles are represented by lower case letters. Ex: rr |
| Punnett Square | A diagram used to show the genotypes two individuals can produce when crossed. |
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