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Description
Flashcards by Greg MacPherson, updated 4 months ago
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Created by Greg MacPherson
almost 3 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Unit Three - Module 20 Sensation: The Other Senses | Sensation: The Other Senses |
| the four basic skins senses | pressure, warmth, cold, pain |
| mechanoreceptors | Mechanoreceptors respond to physical changes including touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch. |
| thermoreceptors | The body has both warm and cold thermoreceptors. |
| nociceptors | Sensory receptors located in our skin, muscles, and organs that detect hurtful or potentially hurtful temperatures, pressure, or chemicals. |
| gate-control theory | The theory that the spinal cord contains a neurological "gate" that blocks pain signals or allows them to pass on to the brain. The "gate" is opened by the activity of pain signals travelling up small nerve fibres and is closed by activity in larger fibres or by information coming from the brain. |
| phantom limb sensation | The feeling of sensations in a limb that has been removed. The limb may feel as though it is still attached to the body. This is because the brain continues to get messages from nerves that used to "feel" for the missing limb. |
| gustation | The sense of taste. |
| the six sensations of taste | salty sweet sour bitter umami (savory) oleogustus (fat) |
| papillae | The tiny raised protrusions on the tongue that contain taste buds. The four types of papillae are filiform, fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate. |
| what is "spicy" | Spicy is not a taste sensation. It is a sensation of pain and temperature. |
| olfaction | The sense of smell. |
| odorant molecules | Molecules in the air that stimulate the olfactory receptors.The binding of the molecules to these receptors initiate an electrical signal that transmits to the olfactory bulbs and higher brain centres for processing of the olfactory information. |
| olfactory bulb | Structure that receives converging neural impulses from olfactory receptor cells and transmits this information to the olfactory cortex. |
| proprioception | Our sense of body position. |
| kinesthesia | Our sense of body movement. |
| proprioceptors | Sensory receptors located in muscles, tendons, and joints. They are capable of detecting movement and position of the body through a stimulus produced within the body. They relay information to the brain when a body part is moving or its position relative to the rest of the body. |
| vestibular sense | Our sense of balance. |
| semicircular canals | These are three canals located in the inner ear that can sense head movement. One canal senses the head nodding up and down, one canal sense the head shaking side to side, and one canal senses the head tilting left and right. These canals are filled with fluid and the movement of this fluid into another chamber triggers small hairs to trigger neural impulses that are sent to the cerebellum. |
| otolith organs (utricle and saccule) | These are two structures that determine forward and backward movements and gravitational force. The utricle, which determines horizontal movements, and the saccule, which determines vertical movements are small fluid filled sacs with crystals suspended in the fluid. Movement causes these crystals to move which vibrates the fluid, which then triggers hair cells to send neural responses to the cerebellum. |
| sensory interaction | The principle that one sense may influence another. |
| McGurk Effect | A perceptual phenomenon that demonstrates an interaction between hearing and vision in speech perception. The illusion occurs when the auditory component of one sound is paired with the visual component of another sound, leading to hearing a different sound. |
| embedded cognition | Embodied cognition is the influence of bodily sensations, gestures, and other states on cognitive preferences and judgments. |
| synesthesia | A perceptual phenomenon in which stimulation of one sensory or cognitive pathway leads to involuntary experiences in a second sensory or cognitive pathway. |
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