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Description
Flashcards by Terry Sellers, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Terry Sellers
over 2 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are the names of the 4 different physiological processes of the Respiratory System? | 1. Breathing / Ventilating 2. External Respiration 3. Gas Transport 4. Internal Respiration |
| The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and blood is 1. Breathing / Ventilating 2. External Respiration 3. Gas Transport 4. Internal Respiration | External Respiration |
| ______ moves oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the body tissues. 1. Breathing / Ventilating 2. External Respiration 3. Gas Transport 4. Internal Respiration | Gas Transport |
| The process of moving air to and out of the lungs is referred to as: 1. Breathing / Ventilating 2. External Respiration 3. Gas Transport 4. Internal Respiration | Breathing or Ventilation |
| The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between blood and the body tissues is referred to as 1. Breathing / Ventilating 2. External Respiration 3. Gas Transport 4. Internal Respiration | Internal Respiration |
| Know the pathway of moving gases from outside the body to a capillary. | 1. Nose or Mouth 2. Trachea 3. Bronchus 4. Bronchiole 5. Alveolus in lung diffuses to 6. Blood capillary |
| Know the pathway of moving gases from a capillary to outside the body. | 1. Blood capillary diffuses to 2. Alveolus in lung 3. Bronchiole 4. Bronchus 5. Trachea 6. Nose or Mouth |
| The large air-filled spaces in the bones of the face are referred to as ____________. | Sinuses |
| The sinuses _________ and __________ the air during breathing which serves to make walking more pleasant in cold walks. | 1. warm 2. moisten |
| The mucous membranes of the sinuses, part of the upper respiratory system, often get inflamed. This is referred to as ____________________ (1 word) | Sinusitis |
| The pharynx, part of the upper respiratory system, serves as a passageway for 3 things. They are: | 1. Food 2. Drink 3. Air |
| The middle ear is connected to the pharynx (throat) via the __________________ or __________________ tubes. | 1. Auditory 2. Eustachian |
| What equalizes the pressure between the ear and the throat and particularly comes into play when you are flying in an airplane or driving up or down a steep mountain? | Auditory or Eustachian tubes |
| What are 2 other names for the Adam's apple? | Larynx or voice box |
| What is a boxlike structure made primarily of cartilage? | Larynx, Adam's Apple or voice box |
| Where is the selective entrance to the lower respiratory system? | Larynx, Adam's Apple or voice box |
| What makes it possible to talk? | The voice box, larynx or Adam's Apple |
| When water or air is _________________, the larynx rises up and causes a flap of cartilage to cover an opening in the larynx through which air passes. | Swallowed |
| What is the name of the flap of cartilage that rises up during the swallowing process? | Epiglottis |
| What is the name of the opening in the larynx that air is allowed to pass through? | Glottis |
| When you get choked during eating, it may be necessary to have someone perform the __________________ ________________ (2 words) on you to dislodge the food. | Heimlich maneuver |
| What is the "universal sign of chocking?" | Hands clutched to the throat |
| The lower respiratory system comprises (makes up) the bronchial ______________. | tree |
| The windpipe is also known as the ________________. | trachea |
| List the sub-divisions of the bronchial tree from the largest to the smallest. | Trachea Primary Bronchi (right and left bronchi) Bronchioles Alveoli |
| What serves as sacs for gas exchange in the lungs? | Alveoli |
| What disease causes spasms of the bronchial muscles that severely restrict air flow? | Asthma |
| What three things characterize asthma? | 1. Wheezing 2. Difficult Breathing 3. Persistent inflammation of the airways. |
| What is the general description of drugs that may be used to treat and relax bronchial muscles and reduce inflammation of the air tubules. | Inhalants or inhalers |
| What are the 2 major processes the occur in the alveoli during respiration? | 1. Oxygen diffuses from the inhaled air into the blood. 2. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the blood into the alveolar air to be exhaled. |
| The alveoli are sometimes described as looking like a cluster of ______________. | grapes |
| When oxygen diffuses into the body cells from the blood and carbon dioxide diffuses into the blood from the body cells, this is referred to as 1. Breathing / Ventilating 2. External Respiration 3. Gas Transport 4. Internal Respiration | Internal Respiration |
| Most oxygen in the blood is bound to ___________. | hemoglobin |
| Define oxyhemoglobin. | Hemoglobin bound to oxygen |
| Define Carbaminohemoglobin | Carbon dioxide that is bound to hemoglobin. Can you spell it? |
| Most carbon dioxide is not transported in the blood as CO2, but rather as _______________ ______ (2 words). | bicarbonate ion |
| Fluid accumulating in the alveoli, reducing gas exchange is a finding of _____________. What 2 major things happen during pneumonia which is an inflammation of the lungs. | Pneumonia |
| When the bronchioles swell and narrow, making breathing difficult (Not asthma) it is a finding of ____________. | Pneumonai |
| What are the 2 most common causes of pneumonia? | They can be: 1. Bacterial or 2. Viral infections. |
| If you have swollen lymph glands (nodes) and fever, you may have a common infection known as _______ _______. (2 words) | Strep Throat Strep throat is caused by Streptococcus bacteria |
| When you get a sore throat you should always get a "strep test" because strep can have SERIOUS consequences. The 2 named on the slide were: | 1. Rheumatic fever 2. Kidney disease (glomerulonephritis) |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the cause of Tuberculosis. and is transmitted through _________________ droplets | respiratory |
| TRUE / FALSE Many strains of the bacterium causing tuberculosis are becoming resistant to various _________, making them more difficult to treat. | Drugs or Medication |
| What disease does COPD stand for? | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder |
| Most common cause of COPD is ____________. | Tobacco (smoking) |
| What are the 2 most common examples of COPD? | 1. Bronchitis 2. Emphysema |
| In emphysema the alveoli are destroyed typically by smoking. This results in an increase of dead air space in the lungs. How does this affect gas exchange? | Gas exchange is reduced because there is less surface area available for gas exchange. |
| TRUE / FALSE Fortunately, there are now new drugs that can cure COPD and eliminate "shortness of breath". | FALSE The damage of the alveoli resulting in increase of dead air space is permanent. COPD can be treated, but not cured. |
| TRUE / FALSE About 65% of the cases of lung cancer are caused by smoking. | FALSE 85 to 90% are caused by smoking. |
| TRUE / FALSE Over 85% of the cases of lung cancer can be prevented. | TRUE Don't smoke. Although quitting smoking may not eliminate all lung cancers it is greatly reduced after just a couple of years after quitting. See the October 2021 article in this Module 14 on Brightspace |
| List the 4 steps that represent the typical progression of lung cancer. | 1. Chronic inflammation of the lungs 2. Changes in the cells of the airway linings 3. Uncontrolled cell division forms a tumor 4. Cancer cells spread to other parts of the lung and rest of the body |
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