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Description
Flashcards by Claire Dugdale, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by gordonbrad
over 10 years ago
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Copied by Claire Dugdale
over 2 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| A Balanced Diet | Provides all the necessary nutrients in the right amounts. |
| Carbohydrates = Provide Energy |
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| Fats (lipids) = act as an energy store, provide insulation, make up cell membranes and protect organs. |
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| Proteins = Needed for growth, the repair of tissues and to make up enzymes. |
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| Vitamins = different vitamins perform different function e.g. vitamin K is used for blood clotting |
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| Mineral Salts = different mineral salts perform different functions e.g. iron is used to make haemoglobin in the blood |
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| Fibre = aids movement of food through gut |
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| Water = used in metabolic reactions e.g. breathing and in urination/sweating |
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| Malnutrition is caused by having too little or too much of some nutrients in a diet. Getting too little = deficiency illnesses e.g. too little iron causes anaemia. | Over-nutrition and lack of exercise can lead to obesity, which is 20% or more over the recommended body weight. Too much sugary/fatty foods are the main cause. |
| Obesity can increase the risk of diabetes, arthritis, high blood pressure, CHD and some forms of cancer. |
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| Coronary Heart Disease is the result of reduced blood flow to the heart. It can lead to chest pain and heart attacks and is caused by atherosclerosis. | A diet high in saturated fats raises blood cholesterol level which increases fatty deposits in the arteries and causes atherosclerosis. A diet high in salt can cause high blood pressure, damaging artery walls, causing atherosclerosis. |
| HDLs are high density lipoproteins which are mainly protein. They transport cholesterol from tissues to the liver where it's recycled or excreted. They reduce cholesterol. | LDLs are low density lipoproteins which are mainly lipid. They transport cholesterol from the liver to the blood where it circulates until it's needed. They increase cholesterol. |
| LDLs are low density lipoproteins which are mainly lipid. They transport cholesterol from the liver to the blood where it circulates until it's needed. They increase cholesterol. | A diet high saturated fats raises LDL level so more cholesterol is transported, increasing cholesterol level and risk of CHD. |
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