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Description
Flashcards by Greg MacPherson, updated 4 months ago
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Created by Greg MacPherson
over 2 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Unit Four - Module 25 Introduction to Memory | Introduction to Memory |
| memory | The persistence of learning over time through the encoding, storage, and retrieval of information. |
| recall | Retrieving information that is not currently in your conscious awareness but that was learned at an earlier time. |
| recognition | Identifying items previously learned. |
| relearning | Learning something more quickly when you learn it a second or later time. |
| encoding | The process of getting information into the memory system. |
| storage | The process of retaining encoded information over time. |
| retrieval | The process of getting information out of memory storage. |
| sequential processing | Like a computer, processing information in a linear sequence. |
| parallel processing | Processing many aspects of a problem simultaneously; the brain's natural mode of information processing for many functions. |
| sensory memory | The immediate, very brief recording of sensory information in the memory system. |
| iconic memory | A momentary sensory memory of visual stimuli lasting no more than a few tenths of a second. |
| echoic memory | A momentary sensory memory of auditory stimuli lasting 3-4 seconds. |
| short-term memory | Activated memory that holds a few items briefly, such as digits of a phone number while calling, before the information is stored or forgotten. |
| long-term memory | The relatively permanent and limitless storehouse of the memory system. Includes knowledge, skills, and experiences. |
| working memory | A newer understanding of short-term memory that adds conscious, active processing of incoming sensory information and of information retrieved from long-term memory. |
| information-processing model of memory | Likens the human mind to a computer, where information is processed in a series of stages: encoding, storage, and retrieval. This model argues sequential processing: Information flows through these stages in a linear sequence, much like data processing in a computer. |
| connectionism model (parallel distributed processing model) | These models view memory as a network of interconnected nodes or units. Information is stored across these networks, and memory involves activating patterns within the network. |
| multi-store model (Atkinson-Shiffrin 1968) | This model proposes that memory consists of three stores: Sensory Memory Short-Term Memory (STM) Long-Term Memory (LTM) |
| Working memory model (Baddeley-Hitch 1974) | This model is an expansion of the short-term memory component of the multi-store model and includes: Central Executive Phonological Loop Visuospatial Sketchpad Episodic Buffer |
| central executive | A part of the working memory model that directs attention and coordinates activities among other components. |
| phonological loop | A part of the working memory model that handles verbal and auditory information. |
| visuospatial sketchpad | A part of the working memory model that manages visual and spatial information. |
| episodic buffer | A part of the working memory model that integrates information from different sources and links to long-term memory. |
| neurogenesis | The formation of new neurons. |
| memory trace | The way in which a memory is physically represented in the brain, often as a network of interconnected neurons. It refers to the physical and/or chemical change in the brain that represents stored information. |
| long-term potentiation | An increase in a nerve cell's firing potential after brief, rapid stimulation. A neural basis for learning and memory. |
| Hermann Ebbinghaus | Hermann Ebbinghaus was a German psychologist who pioneered the experimental study of memory, and is known for his discovery of the forgetting curve and the spacing effect. He was also the first person to describe the learning curve. |
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