Mitosis etc Test

Question	Answer
When do the centrioles duplicate in the Cell cycle?	In the Interphase.
When does the DNA duplicate?	During the Interphase.
In what phase does chromatin coil up into chromosones?	the Prophase.
When does the Nuclear Membrane begin to disappear?	During the Prophase.
Where do the centrioles go during the prophase?	They move to the opposite sides of the cell.
When do the spindle fibres begin to grow?	during the prophase.
Where do the spindle fibres come from?	The centrioles.
When does the Nuclear membrane completely disappear?	During the Metaphase.
Where do the chromosones go during the Metaphase?	They line up on the equator of the cell.
Where on the Chromosome do the spindle fibres attach to?	the centromere
How do the spindles move the chromatids?	They contract.
What are the parts of a chromosome?	The sister chromatids, that are attached by the centromere.
What do the spindle fibres do?	they pull apart the sister chromatids and move them to the opposite poles.
During what phase are the chromosomes pulled apart?	The anaphase.
When do the chromosomes arrive on the opposites sides of the cell?	during the Telophase.
When do the nuclear membranes start to form again?	During the telophase.
What happens to an animal cell's shape during the telophase?	The cytoplasm pinches together.
What happens to the chromosomes in the Telophase?	They turn back into chromatin.
What is Cytokinesis?	the end of mitosis or meiosis, bringing about the separation into two daughter cells.
What are the two cells created from mitosis called?	Daughter cells.
What happens to the Plant cell's shape during the telophase?	There is no pinching, but rather a plate is created between the cells and they grow sideways.
What are the functions of mitosis?	growth, repair, and asexual reproduction.
How many centrioles are in a cell?	2.
How are centrioles arranged?	at right angles.
what do centrioles create?	spindle fibres.
What is chromatin?	Long strands of DNA that later thicken into chromosomes.
What is a Chromosome?	Chromatin that has coiled up tightly that later on makes a copy of itself.
What does the Nuclear membrane do?	It keeps the genetic material separate from the rest of the cell.
Where are Cell Walls found?	In Plant Cells only.
What is the Cell Wall made up of?	Cellulose.
What does the Cell Wall do?	It gives support and shape so the plant can stand.
Where is the Cell Wall located?	Outside of the Cell Membrane.
Where are Chloroplasts found?	In Plant cells only.
What do chloroplast contain?	Chlorophyll.
What does chlorophyll do?	It traps energy from sunlight and helps the plant make food through photosynthesis.
What is the most important organelle?	The nucleus.
What is the Nucleus?	The control centre of the cell that directs activities. It contains all of the Cell's DNA. It works with Ribosomes to make protein.
Where is all of a cell's DNA located?	In the Nucleus.
How does DNA help the cell?	It has the "recipe" to make what cells need to work properly.
What do Ribosomes do?	They help assemble proteins.
What are the two parts of Ribosomes?	The large and small subunits.
Where are Ribosomes found?	In the Cytoplasm and in the Endoplasmic Reticulum.
What is the Cytoplasm?	the fluid found outside the Nucleus that helps hold the organelles in place.
What does the Cytoplasm have?	A cytoskeleton consisting of Microtubules and Microfilaments.
What is the purpose of the Microtubules and Microfilaments?	They hold the cell together and resist bending forces, and help with transport functions.
What is the cytoskeleton made up of?	Proteins.
What is the Mitochondria commonly called?	the powerhouse of the cell.
What does the Mitochondria do?	Produces energy for the cell.
What is the cytoplasm mostly made up of?	Water.
Where is the endoplasmic Reticulum located?	Around the Nucleus.
What does the Endoplasmic Reticulum do?	It transports things around the cell. It also provides a surface for many chemical reactions to take place.
What is the difference between smooth ER and rough ER?	Rough ER has ribosomes on the surface and smooth does not.
What does a Golgi Apparatus look like?	a series of stacked tube-like membranes with tiny sacks at the end.
What does the Golgi Apparatus do?	It processes packaging material produced by the cell.
How does the Golgi Apparatus process the packaging material?	It works with the ER by taking new proteins and adding fat and sugars.
Which cell has a larger Vacuole, Plant or animal?	Plant.
What is the main purpose of the Vacuole in a plant cell?	They fill with water to hold the plant upright.
What do Vacuoles do?	They act as a storage site for food, waste and extra water.
What are Lysosomes?	Round organelles formed near Golgi Bodies. They hold proteins that aid food digestion and they destroy harmful chemicals. They act as the trash can of the cell.
What are formed near golgi bodies?	Lysosomes.
What is a cell surrounded by?	A flexible double-layered cell membrane.
What is the cell membrane's function?	It supports the cell and controls what comes in and out of the cell. They are semi-permeable.
How do the Mitochondria produce energy?	It contains enzymes that help to convert stored energy into an easily usable form, aka ATP.
If a cell respires fast, what does that say about it's mitochondria?	They are numerous.
How does the Endoplasmic Reticulum assist a brain cell?	It helps produce and transport hormones.
What cells stay in the interphase their entire lives?	Brain cells.
What cells divide more often?	Skin, digestive system.
What do Golgi bodies secrete?	Mucus.
How are vacuoles in an animal cell?	There are numerous small ones.
Which organelle metabolizes glucose?	The mitochondria.
What are 4 reasons why Plant and animal cells are alike?	Both: -eukaryotes - contain membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes -similar functions -plasma membranes
What are the 8 things that prove that something is a living thing?	-takes food and uses energy -Grows and repairs itself -gets rid of waste -responds to its surroundings -dies -stores genetic information -can reproduce -composed of cells
What are the three parts of Cell theory?	-All living organisms are composed of one or more cells -Cells are the basic unity of structure and function in all organsims. -All cells come from previously existing cells.
What is a Prokaryote?	A cell that does not contain a nucleus or other membrane bound organelles. The DNA is Free floating, and they usually have flagellum.
What is an example of a Prokaryote?	Bacteria.
What are small hair-like structures used for movement or sensing things?	Flagellum/Cilia
What is the Nucleolus?	the site of RNA (ribosomal subunits) production in nucleus, assembles, processes, and packages things in the cell
Where does protein synthesis occur?	In the ribosomes.
What are collections of DNA in the Nucleus called?	Chromatin.
How is the shape of a plant cell different from an animal cell?	Animal cells have irregular shapes that are more round, while plant cells are fixed and rectangular.
How is the colour of a plant cell different from an animal cell?	Plants are usually green.
Where does an animal cell get it's energy from?	Food. Which is turned into glucose and converted into ATP.
What are the raw materials and products of cellular respiration?	Glucose, oxygen --> water, carbon dioxide and heat
Longest part of cell cycle?	Interphase.

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	Created by Ada :) about 9 years ago