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| Question | Answer |
| 1.1.U1 According to the cell theory, living organisms are composed of cells. | 1. Every cell is surrounded by a membrane. 2. All cells contain genetic material that stores instructions needed for the cell's activities. 3. Many of these activities are chemical reactions catalyzed by enzymes. 4. Cells have their own energy release system that powers all the cells activities. |
| 1.1.U2 Organisms consisting of only one cell carry out all functions of life in that cell. | Life processes that all cells and organisms carry out include the following Mr. H. Gren M- Metabolism R- Reproduction H- Homeostasis G- Growth R- Response E- Excretion N- Nutrition |
| 1.1.U3 Surface area to volume ratio is important in the limitation of cell size. | The rate of metabolic reactions is directly proportional to the size of the cell. If the cell is too big it cant obtain nutrients and get rid of waste quickly enough. Volume increase at a higher rate than the surface area (cell membrane). Also important for heat production and loss. The cell may overheat if it can't remove waste products heat faster than can be removed. |
| 1.1.U4 Multicellular organisms have properties that emerge from the interaction of their cellular components. | Cells in multicellular organisms can be viewed as cooperative groups. They can work together and organize themselves without one cell being in charge. The characteristics, thus, of the whole organism are emergent properties which are different than each individual cell on it's own. |
| Synergy Emergent properties | The individual parts are not as important as the whole. Individual cells work together to form a more complex working organism. |
| 1.1.U5 Specialized tissues can develop by cell differentiation in multicellular organisms. | Division of labor. If cells specialize and they have the same job, we call them tissues. Differentiation is the development of cells to have different functions. |
| 1.1.U6 Differentiation involves the expression of some genes and not others in the cell's genome. | Differentiation occurs by turning off genes while using other genes (which would be different in different types of cells) 220 different specialized cells in humans. Genes create proteins. Cells that have specialized thus create different proteins than a different type of cell tissue. |
| 1.1.U7 The capacity of stem cells to divide and differentiate along different pathways is necessary in embryonic development. It also makes stem cells suitable for therapeutic uses. | 1. Stem cells can divide again and again to produce large amounts of new cells. 2. Stem cells are not differentiated fully and can be differentiated in different ways Types of stem cells include 1. Totipotent - most useful but most controversial (early embryonic) 2. Pluripotent - second most useful (embryonic) 3. Multipotent - Already mostly specialized (Bone Marrow - only blood cells) 4. Unipotent are already specialized & differentiated all the way. |
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