Diet

Question	Answer
RDA stands for what? What does RDA depend on?	Recommended Dailey allowance 1) age 2) lifestyle 3)pregnant 4) body mass
Malnutrition meaning? Obesity and the problems with it?	Malnutrition is when your diet isn't balanced. Obesity is excess carbohydrates and fats Problems: type 2 diabetes, cardio vascular disease and joint problems
Metabolic rate meaning? Cholesterol meaning?	Metabolic rate is the speed/rate of chemical reactions in your body/cells. Cholesterol comes from the fat in our diet. Transported in our blood, levels of cholesterol are affected by diet and genes. Too much cholesterol can cause blood vessels to narrow
Deficiancy diseases? What a pathogen is and how it passes on	Deficiency diseases is when the body doesn't doesnt absorb the necessary amount of nutrients. Can cause scurvy Pathogens are microbes that pass from person to person , can cause harmful diseases.
Maintaining body mass Causes of disease and how they pass	Energy inout= energy output Excesise daily and eat less carbs + fats Airborne (chicken pox) Direct contact (HIV) Indirect (flu) Droplet contact( measles)
What does bacteria produce and what does a virus produce?	Bacteria produces toxins which destroy cells and change how they work. Virus enters cell, carries on multiplying and destroys the cell and burst out then from the beginning again.
1st line of defense:	1st line of defense: stopping pathogens from entering the body (nose:mucus), (eyelids,eyelashes: tears contain lysozyme), (skin:phiysical barrier, scabs form is skin is cut), (wind pipe: cillaiated epithelia:moves mucus up the wind pipe)
2nd line of defence:	Your body makes 'self' and 'non-self' antigens that recognize foreign cells (pathogens). 1) pathogens enter your body 2) starts to multiply= you get ill 3) your immune system will recognize the 'non self' antigen 4) a type of white blood cell call Phagocyte goes into action
3rd line of defense:	3rd line of defence uses a different type of white blood cell called lymphocytes, each pathogen can only be killed by 1 type of lymphocyte. The lymphocytes multiply, also creating memory cells (which provide immunity), the lymphocytes produce antibodies and antitoxins.
What are Anitbiotics and how do they work	A type of medicine which can kill bacteria or stop them multiplying. Works by affecting their metabolism. CANNOT KILL VIRUSES The issue is some bacteria mutate and are no longer killed by the antibiotics.
What is reflection, refraction, and diffraction?	Reflection= when waves strike a boundary between materials, instead of being absorbed or transmitted, they may be reflected. Refraction= when waves cross an interface between two materials they may change direction. This is refraction. Diffraction= Is the spreading out of waves when they pass an edge.
Longitudinal and transverse waves	With a transverse wave, oscillation of the particle is perpendicular to the direction in which the wave travels With a longitudinal wave, the oscillation of the particle is parallel to the direction in which the wave travels.
What can we use waves for? Infared radiation	To transmit energy Energy can travel trough transparent materials or through way vacuum as infrared radiation. Infared radiation transfers energy by electromagnetic waves.
What do waves travel through and what is a wave	A wave is an oscillation that travels from one place to another. Most waves travel through a matter called the medium
The electromagnetic spectrum	Radio waves Microwaves Infrared Visible light(we can see with the naked eye) Ultraviolet Gamma rays
Velocity Wavelength Frequency	Velocity- v M/s (Km/s) Wavelength- (lambda) M (Km) Frequency- f HZ( hertz) (Cycles per second)
Protons Electrons Neutrons	Protons- same as atomic number (+1) (1) Electrons-same as atomic number (-1) (0) Neutrons-same as atomic number (0) (10
What are ions?	Ions are atoms that have LOST electrons, if they're Metals to become positively charged particles and Nonmetals will GAIN electrons to become negatively charged ions.
What is a chemical reaction?	A CHEMICAL REACTION is “When two or more elements exchange or share ELECTRONS” rather than just thinking about a change that is difficult to reverse. However the reason why Chemical reactions are hard to reverse is because the electrons don’t want to!
Positives and negatives of mining?	Positives-infrastructure like roads,available workforce Negatives-noise, cost, wildlife and environment
Granite,slate,limestone and sandstone	GRANITE-pale, porous SLATE-gray,layers,flat, not porous LIMESTONE (calcium carbonate)- grains, looks like it's stuck together, porous SANDSTONE-grey, crystals, resistant to erosion, strong, porous
Difference between rock mineral and rock ore?	A mineral is composed of the same substancethroughout. Ore- A mineral occurring in sufficient quantity and containing enough metal to permit its recovery and extraction at a profit.
What can limestone make?	Concrete and building blocks.
Calcium carbonate(limestone)--->(heat applied)	Calcium oxide
Calcium Carbonate >	Calcium Oxide + Carbon Dioxide CaCO3 > CaO + CO2
Calcium carbonate + hydrochloride acid >	Calcium chloride + carbon dioxide
Carbon Dioxide + Calcium Hydroxide >	Calcium Carbonate + Water
Acid + carbonate >	Salt + water + carbon dioxide

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	Created by alic122001 about 9 years ago