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| Question | Answer |
| Altitude training (live high:train low, Hypoxic tents, IHT) Percieved brenefits | increased RBC volume, Haemoglobin volume and concentration and capillarisation, increased HGH production |
| Altitude training (live high:train low, Hypoxic tents, IHT) Potential harms | reduced stroke volume & cardiac output, increased blood viscosity, decreased VO2 max |
| Altitude training (live high:train low, Hypoxic tents, IHT) Common Sports | Endurance events |
| Creatine supplementation Common Sports | repeated short,max efforts: short interval training: high intensity resistance training |
| Creatine supplementation Perceived Benefits | enhanced performance for events involving repeated sprints, separated by short recovery intervals. |
| Creatine supplementation Potential harms | gastrointestinal upset, tendon injury, headaches, kidney problems, muscle cramps, fluid retention |
| Blood doping Common sports | Endurance events |
| Blood doping Perceived benefits | Increased number of red blood cells, increased oxygen carrying capacity & VO2 max |
| Blood doping Potential harms | Contraction of blood-borne viruses (hep B, AIDS), blood clots, heart failure, stroke, death |
| Gene doping (prohibited by WADA in 2005) Common sports | All Sports |
| Gene doping (prohibited by WADA in 2005) Perceived benefits | Provides the greatest opportunity to improve an athletes suitability to a certain sport, improved training, recovery and performance |
| Gene doping (prohibited by WADA in 2005) Potential harms | Potential harms are still unknown as this method has not been developed yet |
| Steroids Common sports | Sports requiring Muscular Strength and Power |
| Steroids Perceived benefits | Increased muscle bulk, power, strength, aggression, increased speed of recovery which allows longer/harder training |
| Steroids Potential harms | Dependence, depression, hypertension, cancer, sudden death, salt & water retention, testicular atrophy, male breast enlargement, facial hair, infertility, increased masculinity, higher LDL cholesterol |
| Human Growth & Polypeptide hormones Common Sports | Sports which rely on muscular strength & power |
| Human Growth & Polypeptide hormones Perceived benefits | Enhanced muscle and bone development, anti-inflammatory effect, mask the use of Steroids, give a feeling of euphoria |
| Human Growth & Polypeptide hormones Potential harms | Sodium and water retention, decreased immune function, diabetes, hypertension, heart failure, cancer, impotence |
| EPO Common Sports | Endurance events |
| EPO Perceived benefits | Increased number of red blood cells, increased oxygen carrying capacity & VO2 max |
| EPO Potential Harms | Blood clotting, stroke, hypertension, heart failure, stroke |
| Masking agents Common sports | All sports |
| Masking agents Perceived benefits | Can mask the use of other methods/substances by: promoting urination, block excretion of anabolic agents, alter RBC parameters, correct altered testosterone ratios |
| Masking agents Potential harms | Dehydration, cramp, cardiac arrhythmia, kidney stones, acute arthritis, hair loss, nausea, skin rash, fever |
| Diuretics Common sports | Boxing & Weightlifting |
| Diuretics Perceived benefits | Mask use of Steroids, reduce body weight quickly |
| Diuretics Potential harms | Dehydration, cramps, muscle strains, cardiac arrhythmia |
| Stimulants (cocaine, caffeine, amphetamines) Common sports | Athletics, swimming, weightlifting, cycling |
| Stimulants (cocaine, caffeine, amphetamines) Perceived benefits | Mask fatigue, increase alertness & aggression, improve muscle reaction, improved anaerobic performance |
| Stimulants (cocaine, caffeine, amphetamines) Potential harms | Anxiety, restlessness, tremors, irritability, cardiac arrhythmia, stomach upsets, dependence, heart attack |
| Beta-blockers Common sports | Shooting & Archery |
| Beta-blockers Perceived benefits | Reduced Heart Rate, tension and tremors, increased relaxation and AVO2 Diff |
| Beta-blockers Potential harms | Dangerous for asthmatics, heart failure, hypotension, hypoglycemia, impotence |
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