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| Question | Answer |
| What is significant about the biochemistry of past and present life forms? | All life forms on earth have SIMILAR biochemistry. |
| Covalent Bonding | Atoms share their outer electrons until both atoms are filled, therefore they become a more stable compound called a molecule. |
| Ionic bonding | Ions with opposite charges attract one another, due to electrostatic attraction. this forms an ionic bond. Ionic bonds are weaker than covalent bonds. |
| Hydrogen bonding | Uneven distribution of electrons in the molecule means that one region is more negatively concentrated (this is said to be a polarised molecule). The negative and positive region attract each other, so a weak electrostatic bond is formed. |
| What is important about hydrogen bonds? | Individually they are very weak, however collectively they are very strong. The formation of these bonds also alter the physical properties of the molecules. |
| What are monomers? | They are small units of molecules, which join together to form long chains of polymers (this process is called polymerisation). |
| What are macromolecules? | They are very large molecules. |
| Name three common monomers: | Monosaccharaides, amino acids and nucleotides. |
| What is condensation? | The reaction where two monomers become chemically combined to form a polymer with the elimination of a water molecule. |
| What is hydrolysis? | When water is added to the process of breaking down polymers |
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