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Description
Flashcards by Michael Riben, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Michael Riben
over 2 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| CPU Control Unit | follows instructions to move data, tells the logic unit what to do with it, and deals with input and output data (may have more than one in a computer) |
| CPU Logic Unit | carries out the operations on the data from inputs and memory. The speed of a CPU = # of commands /sec it can carry out. |
| Variable | represents a piece of data that is determined and re-determined as the process goes on. Created with a "declaration" statement |
| Function = ? | group of commands that a program may need to perform any times. Usually take inputs, called arguments, and return a result |
| All variables and functions must be "declared" =T/F? | True |
| Arrays | Array= a series of variables or values in a specific order- usually use square brackets |
| String | Specific type of array that is made up of single characters. usually identified by being in single or double quotes |
| Object | Variables that contain KEy-Value pairs , functions, or even other variables |
| Bit | A single character consisting of 1 or 0 |
| Unicode | Translation table to understand the combination of bits and what they represent |
| HOw many bits in a Nibble, Bye, Word, Quadword? | Nibble = 4 bits Byte = 8 bits Word = 16 bits Quadword= 64 bits |
| What is Machine code | Binary codes - 1, 0 only Usually each processor has its own instruction set architecture that machine code works |
| ASsembly Language | Abstraction to use human readable language to represent the commands that are translated into machine code by an "assembler" |
| How does an Assembler work? | Assemblers use information about the instruction set and machine architecture to convert instructions into binary code. |
| What is a compiled lanaguage? | Statements are human readable. The compiler than converts the language into machine code using multiple optimizers and error checkers in various sequences, compiling changes on top of each other. |
| What are computer program "operators" | symbols for logical and arithmetic operations |
| There is an order of operations in a computer program similar to math - T/F | True |
| What is an interpreted programming language? | use Just in Time compiling to run each instruction without waiting for a compiler first. |
| What is Dynamic Typing of Variables? | The interpreter will figure out the variable type without being told explicitely |
| What are Control structure in programming ? | Blocks of code including sequential blocks, conditional blocks, iterative blocks, and recursive blocks |
| What is a sequential block of code? | The program executes the statements in order through the program |
| What are conditional Blocks of code | If/Else and Switch - executes several possible sets of instructions based on answers to a True /False question. Switch statements usually check values of a variable to make the decision |
| What is an exception handler? | conditional structure which handles errors or exceptions and does something about it. |
| What is an iterative block of code? | While/For loops - repeat a sequence of instructions repeatedly until a condition is met A for loop is similar |
| What is zero-indexing ? | When languages start at character "0" instead of "1"..i.e. in hello, h = index position 0, not 1 |
| what is Recursion in programming? | A recursive process calls itself, sometimes many times, to reach an answer |
| Name the 8 aspects of software quality? | Functional stability Performance Efficiency Compatibility Usability Reliability Security Maintainability Portability |
| what is the definition of computational Thinking? | Denning = the mental skills and practices for designing computations that get computers to do their jobs for us, and explaining and interpreting the world as complex information processes |
| What is decomposition? | the process of breaking down a large problem into smaller problems that return results to the main problem to accomplish /solve the main problem |
| What is the difference between parallel processing and asynchronous processing? | Parallel Processing = two threads executing simultaneously without waiting for the other thread. Asynchronous = similar but the two threads don't work at the same "rhythm" |
| What is the purpose of Program Commenting? | 1) writing down a chain of thought that might reveal errors or reasons for errors 2) increase understanding of the code by others or even the programmer |
| What is an API? | The specific commands and procedures for one program to communicate with a second program |
| What is a "full stack" developer? | One who can work with teh client, server, and database?i.e. LAMP stack - Linux OS, Apache web server, MySql database and PHP scripting language |
| What systems use Declarative programming languages? | Databases |
| What is unit testing? | Code architects devise tests for the code for each aspect of the software to see if the program works properly |
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