Enzymes 2

Question	Answer
What does the following statement mean? "Enzyme reactions are reversible"	This means that the same enzyme can join two molecules to form a larger one (anabolic) or it can break down the larger molecule to form two simpler ones (catabolic).
Inhibitors are...	molecules that prevent an enzyme from working
How do inhibitors work?	They block the active site of the enzyme.
What factors affect enzyme action?	Temperature and pH.
Explain the term "denatured enzyme"	A denatured enzyme has lost its shape and its ability to function.
What can "denature" an enzyme?	Enzymes can be denatured by unsuitable pH values. and an unsuitable temperature
The pH scale runs from...	0 to 14 (0 -7 is acidic, 7 is neutral, 7-14 is basic or alkaline).
Experiments that can be done re enzymes?	To investigate the effect of pH on the rate of enzyme action and To investigate the effect of temperature on the rate of enzyme activity and To investigate the denaturation of an enzyme by heat
What are immobilised enzymes?	Enzymes are immobilised by attaching them to each other or to a separate substance or enclosing them in a gel or membrane.
Bioprocessing is...	the use of enzyme-controlled reactions to make a product.
Traditional forms of bioprocessing involve the use of enzymes in organisms such as yeast and bacteria to produce substances such as....	cheese, yoghurt, bread, beer, wine and antibiotics.
Benefits of immobilised enzymes are...	1) The enzymes, which are often very expensive, can be reused many times.
Benefits of immobilised enzymes are...	2 The product contains no enzyme (this saves on separation costs).
Benefits of immobilised enzymes are...	3 They are as efficient as (or sometimes more efficient than) isolated enzymes.
Examples of the uses of immobilised enzymes are?	1 Glucose is often used as a sweetener in foods, e.g. in soft drinks.
Examples of the uses of immobilised enzymes are?	2 Penicillin is an antibiotic used to control bacterial growth. However, bacteria has evolved resistance to penicillin. (A very expensive enzyme called penicilin acylase can be used to convert penicillin into more active antibiotics.0
Examples of the uses of immobilised enzymes are?	3 Enzymes can be immobilised on paper or plastic strips and used to detect (or diagnose) specific substances. For example, Cllnlstix contain, an enzyme that changes colour when it reacts with a specific chemical.
Cllnlstix can be used to...	can be used to test for substances such as glucose or pregnancy hormones in urine.
Additional experiments ...	To prepare an enzyme immobilisation and examine its application and Application of immobilised enzyme

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