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| Question | Answer |
| What can make optimal tension become excessive? | Mental and physical stress, sleep deficiency, dehydration, poor nutrition, physical deconditioning, deficient daily movement. |
| What is Biotensegrity? | The tension and compression elements that describe force vector concepts applied to biology and the human body. |
| What is mobility used to describe? | Joint Motion |
| What is Hypomobility? | Less than optimal range of motion. |
| What is Hypermobility? | More than optimal range of motion. |
| What should a clients stretching program look like? | 1. Assessment 2. Self-Stretching 3. Assisted Stretching |
| How is optimal tension maintained? | By a balance of forces generated by muscles and fascia, tendons, connective tissue attachments, and compression forces generated through the skeletal system. |
| What is Tissue Resistance? | The amount of force the fitness professional manually feels (or lack thereof) when passively moving the client’s body, region, or limb during assisted stretching. |
| What is Stretch Tolerance? | An individual’s increased ability to withstand stretching forces from repeated bouts of flexibility training. |
| Five ways a fitness professional feels tissue resistance when performaing passive ROM or assisted stretching include: | Most Resistive to Least: 1. Blocked (motion is blocked) 2. Hard (motion slows down to a hard stop) 3. Firm (gradually and progressively resists movement) 4. Soft (Slowly starts to resist after going through a good amount of ROM) 5. Empty (ROM without resistance) |
| What is Stretch Intolerance? | An individual’s decreased ability to withstand stretching forces due to injury or disease. |
| When does Stretch Intolerance occur? | Acute sprain or strain, acute fracture, nerve or vascular injuries, or some diseases like fibromyalgia. |
| What are Fascial Nets? | The concept of the myofascial tensional network that describes the interconnectedness of specific chains of muscle and fascia located in different parts of the body as they relate to functional movement patterns. |
| What are single muscle fibers? | Myofibrils |
| What is Endomysium? | The fascial layer that both encloses and interweaves with myofibrils. |
| What is overactive Myofascia? | Those that have an elevated neural drive causing a muscle to be in a chronic state of contraction. Often described as shortened tissues as they tend to limit full ROM of a joint. |
| What is Underactive Myofascia? | Described as long and occur when the tissue has an inhibited neural drive causing the muscle to be in a chronically elongated state. |
| Where do we see this short-long myofascia relationship? | Upper Crossed Syndrome |
| What is Aponeuroses? | Fascial expansions of the muscle-tendon (myotendon) attachment to bone. |
| Why is the elasticity of Aponeuroses and tendon important? | Is important in transmitting force from muscles to bone. |
| What does the term Glide mean? | Tissue mobility utilizes the term Glide as a mechanical movement property. |
| What does Glide do? | Glide enables tissue layers to smoothly and safely move over each other under most conditions, thereby, enabling the HMS to function optimally. |
| What is Retinaculum? | Functionally complex fascial organ that dynamically stabilizes tendons it wraps around while simultaneously providing joint proprioception, e.g., ankles or wrists. |
| What is Wolffs Law? | Wolff’s law generally states that bone functionally adapts to mechanical loading by getting stronger to accommodate repetitive forces. |
| What is Davis' Law? | Davis’s law describes how soft tissue models or heals according to the manner in which they are mechanically stressed (e.g., stretched) |
| What is Periosteum? | Fascia that covers and wraps all bones. |
| What is Motility? | Involuntary, spontaneous movement of the viscera. |
| What is proprioception? | The ability to sense the position, location, orientation, and movement of the entire body or any of its parts. |
| What is Exteroception? | External stimuli as detected by the five senses. |
| What is Interoception? | Internal stimuli informing the body about visceral and metabolic processes. |
| What is Nociception? | Pain response to noxious stimuli. |
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