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| Question | Answer |
| Transverse waves | Waves which moves at a right angle to the direction of where the energy is moving. (Imagine the slinky going side to side) An example: water waves. |
| Longitudinal waves | Waves in which the vibrations of the particles move at the same direction as the energy. (Imagine the slinky going forward and backward). An example: sound wave |
| The wave equation | wave speed (m/s) = frequency (Hz) x wavelength (m) |
| Frequency of waves | The frequency of a wave is a measure of the number of waves made by a source per second. Frequency id=s measured in Hertz (Hz). |
| Refelction | When a wave bounces back. An example: light reflecting off a mirror. |
| Refraction | When a wave changes speed as it passes through a different medium. An example: light travelling through air into water |
| Absorption | When waves give away it's energy. An example: microwaves are absorbed by food in a microwave oven. |
| Law of reflection | Angle of incidence = angle of reflection |
| The speed of a wave is... | ...affected by the medium which it is travelling through |
| A change in wave speed causes a change in... | ...wavelength because the frequency cannot change |
| Pitch | How high or low a sound is. High pitch is caused by short wave length. Low pitch is caused by a long wavelength. |
| Amplitude | How loud or quiet a sound is. Loud sound is caused by large amplitude. Quiet sound caused by small amplitude. |
| Diffraction | When a wave changes direction because it hits an object or an obstacle. An example: sound may change if it diffracts through a doorway. |
| Wave front diagram | Shows the wave length and amplitude using only straight lines which are placed at each top of the wave length. |
| Echo | A reflection of sound waves which causes you to hear the same sound again. An example: Echo location. |
| Distance, speed & time equation | Distance = speed x time |
| The Doppler effect | When the frequency of a wave changes for an observer moving relative to the source. An example: when a motorbike goes past the pitch is high as it comes towards you but is low as it moves away from you. |
| The Electromagnetic spectrum | Radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultra violet, X rays and Gamma rays. |
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