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Description
Flashcards by prerak.chaudhari, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by prerak.chaudhari
about 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Who was Robert Borden? | - Prime Minister, Conservative Party - Introduced the War Measures Act that gave the government wide powers over the people and the economy during the war - Introduced conscription (Military Service Act - compulsory military service) - Opp |
| Who was Billy Bishop? | Canadian ace – brought down more than 5 enemy planes |
| Who was Arthur Currie? | The first Canadian military commander of the Canadian Corps |
| Who was Sam Hughes? | Canada’s minister of militia (an elected politician and member of the cabinet- not a military leader) |
| Who was John McCrae? | The poppies in his poem “In Flanders Fields” became an international symbol of remembrance |
| What were the long term causes of WW1? *SEE HANDOUT* | Causes of W.W.1: Militarism, Nationalism, Imperialism, Alliances – M.A.I.N) |
| What were the alliances? | Alliances: Triple Alliance - Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy Triple Entente - Great Britain, France, Russia |
| Changes to the alliances during the war? | Changes in alliances during the course of the war: Central powers - Italy left (had been part of the original Triple Alliance), Turkey (Ottoman Empire) joined, Bulgaria joined Allies (members were called the Triple Entente before the war) - Italy joined, U.S.A. joined late in the war (1917) |
| What was the immediate cause of war? | The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand (heir to Austria Hungary Empire) in Bosnia by a Serbian –Princip. REVIEW POWDER KEG NOTE. |
| What was the Schlieffen Plan? *SEE HANDOUT* | Invade Belgium in order to flank France. Then push inwards towards Paris. |
| Famous battles in WW1 *SEE HANDOUT* | Ypres, 2nd Battle of - April 1915 - in Flanders, Belgium - Western Front - trench warfare & first use of poison gas by Germans. Huge loss of life in infantry assaults (1 in 3 of Canadians), Canadian forces mainly led by amateur soldiers. Ross rifles often failed. Vimy - April 1917 - France Western Front - Canadian victory – 1st great Allied victory of the war -thorough preparation, model made, soldiers rehearsed, tunnels etc., artillery effective in limiting infantry losses, gained respect of Allies as well as German enemies. |
| TRENCHES | *SEE NOTES* |
| When did the US join the war? *SEE HANDOUT* | U.S. entry into the war 1917- Turning point of the war - Condemned German invasion of neutral Belgium - Germans sank the ocean liner Lusitania, carrying American civilians (German unrestricted submarine warfare) - Potential loss of European powers who borrowed heavily from the US |
| GROWTH OF INDEPENDENCE FROM BRITAIN IN EXTERNAL AFFAIRS | - When Britain declared war, Canada was automatically to war - no independent declaration of war - Canada’s forces gained respect, especially after Vimy Ridge - Increasing independence demonstrated after the war when Prime Minister Borden represented Canada at the Versailles Peace Conference and later in the League of Nations |
| Powers the War Measures Act gave to the government | - To take away freedom of speech - To arrest, imprison and deport people without due process - To take over the country's resources and use them for war |
| FRENCH ENGLISH RELATIONS - CONSCRIPTION | Conscription issue divided English and French during W.W. 1. (Compulsory military service) French opposed. Henri Bourassa (Quebec Nationalist) led opposition and Laurier joined him. Why conscripts needed - huge loss of life created in the trenches- need for more men. Borden introduced Military Service Act June 1917 - all males between ages of 18 & 45 - some exemptions (e.g. conscientious objectors) Borden made changes in voting and election laws (Military Voters Act, Wartime Election Act) - election called for Dec. 1917 Borden won, and then formed coalition Union government. |
| Use of Propaganda in WW1 | Speeches, slogans, newspaper articles, posters, silent movies - Used to convince men to join the army Encourage women and children to push men to volunteer - Encourage people to conserve (e.g. eat less meat) - N.B. no rations but special boards were set up to limit sales on products including coal, gas, wood, meat and sugar - Encourage production (e.g. boys to work on farms) - Encourage people to give money to the government (Victory Bonds) (N.B. income tax also introduced to give government money for war effort) |
| INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT I LABOUR RELATIONS | - New munitions industry - bullets, shells, explosives, guns - Workers were angry with huge profits made by owners, and rising prices of goods |
| SOCIAL CONDITIONS AND LIFESTYLES | Changes in women’s roles: - in factories (munitions factories, textile factories) - in the civil service, for the government - on farms - as volunteers - in the armed forces (looking after wounded) Suffragettes began to campaign for the right to vote. Sept 14 Wartime Elections Act gave vote in federal election to women in the armed forces and all wives, sisters, mothers and daughters of soldiers serving overseas or who had served overseas. (Borden expected they would support him on conscription) |
| Define Allies | Members of the Triple Entente. (Britain, France and Russia) and nations supporting them |
| Define Eastern front | Where the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey and Bulgaria) faced the Russians. |
| Define Stalemate | A situation in which no progress can be made |
| Define Shock troop | Soldiers used in leading attacks |
| Define Blockade (naval) | Blocking off a country from contact with the outside world |
| Define U-boats | German submarines |
| Define Dreadnought | A new sophisticated British warship – big and fast with devastating firepower |
| Define Convoys | Ships travelling together for protection |
| Define Ace | Pilot who shot down five enemy aircraft |
| Define Victory bond | Loans that Canadians made to the government in exchange for a note promising repayment with interest |
| Define Armistice | Cease-fire / stop to fighting while peace terms are negotiated |
| Define Propaganda | The spread of ideas to convince people to support a particular viewpoint |
| Define Inflation | Rising prices caused by demand for goods |
| Define Profiteering | Taking higher profits than normal |
| Define Reparations | Payments Germany had to make to the victors after the war to cover the cost of repair of war damages |
| Define Suffragette | A woman who demanded the right to vote |
| Define Western front | Western Europe- most of the Canadians who were involved in the war fought here, in France and Belgium with their allies, the British and French, and later the Americans. |
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