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Description
Flashcards by Carissa McClellan, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Carissa McClellan
about 1 year ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Why alter plant genetics? | Improve taste Facilitate harvest Tolerance to environmental stresses Improve flowers/flower color Increased nutritional value Pest and disease resistance |
| DNA | genes that control an organism |
| RNA | genetic material that makes proteins from the DNA |
| Mitosis | Splitting a cell into two clone cells- done through vegetative propogation |
| Meiosis | Dividing half the number of chromosomes to create a new organism with a unique set of genes- through sexual reproduction |
| Haploid | One single set of genes, half the number of normal chromosomes |
| Diploid | pairs of chromosomes, normal set |
| Tripoid | One extra set of chromosomes |
| Tetraploid | Two extra sets of chromosomes |
| Polyploidy | many more times the normal number of chromosomes- more vigorous and productive plants |
| 3(n) triploid | Created through double fertilization- second sperm unites with tissues in the ovary to create endosperm |
| The process of cloning plants | Propagation through cuttings layering grafting tissue culture |
| Heterosis/hybrid vigor | plants have greater size or vigor compared to parents |
| Inbreeding depression | too many recessive alleles cause problems |
| Dioecy | Separate male and female plants make cross-fertilization necessary |
| Incompatibility | Inability to pollinate own species Requires a pollinator and a pollinizer |
| Pollinator | Insect or bird that can carry pollen |
| Pollinizer | Plant or tree than can fertilize another plant or tree |
| Examples of incompatible trees | Sweet cherries, apples, plums, pears, almonds, hazelnuts |
| Dichogamy | male and female parts develop at different times, creating a need for cross-fertilization |
| Xenia | Happens with corn- cross-fertilization happens immediately. Corn should be separated by a mile or planted 2 weeks apart |
| How to avoid problems with selection pressure | Rotating modes of action such as using different pesticides |
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