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| Question | Answer |
| The structural and functional unit of the nervous system | Nerve cell or neuron |
| Organs of the neuron | 1. Dendrites 2. Main Cell body (cyton) 3. Axon 4. Synapse 5. Sheath 6. Nucleus 7. Motor nerve endings |
| What is a nerve? | A nerve is formed of a bundle of axons enclosed in a tubular medullary sheath |
| Types of nerves | 1. sensory nerves- brings impulses from sense organs to the brain. 2. Motor nerve- Brings impulses from muscles or gland to the brain. 3. Mixed nerve- Which carries both sensory and motor fibers. |
| Sense organs | 1. Eye- vision 2. Ear- Hearing and body balance 3. Tongue- Taste 4. Skin- Touch, heat, col, pressure, pain. |
| The Eye (main organs) | 1. Outermost layer- sclera 2. Transparent front portion- Cornea 3. Middle layer- Choroid 4. Pigmented circular area- Iris 5. Innermost layer- Retina |
| The Eye (other parts) | 1. Suspensory ligaments 2. Protective pigment behind the cornea 3. Yellow spot or the fovea centralis 4. pupil 5. Blind spot 6. aqueous humor 6. Vitreous humor |
| Sense of hearing | Two main functions of the ear 1. to provide hearing 2. to maintain body balance |
| Main divisions of the ear | 1. External ear- Consists of outer pinna and the auditory canal. 2. middle ear- consists of the hammer, anvil and the stirrip (collectively called as the ear ossicles). 3. internal ear- consists of the semi- circular canal and the choclea. |
| Eustachian tube | connects the cavity from the middle ear to the throat. |
| Sense of taste | Located in the taste buds of the tongue Taste bud is an ovoid group of sensory cells and supporting cells. |
| Four fundamental tastes | 1. Sweet 2. sour 3. bitter 4. salty |
| Sense of smell | Located in the epithelial layers of the nasal chamber The olfactory nerve transmits impulses from the nose to the brain The number of odors we can smell is endless. |
| Sense of touch | Skin is mainly made up of 2 layers 1. Epidermis- has sensory cells to feel hot and cold 2. Dermis- has sensory cells to feel pressure and pain. |
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