Key Topics to Know

Question	Answer
True or False: Vitamin D, iron, magnesium, and B vitamin deficiency are linked to restless leg syndrome	True
Food allergies are associated with chronic ear infections in which groups? A. In children B. In adults C. Both	C. Both
True or False: ELISHA is used to detect antibodies in the blood	False. ELISA. ELISA stands for enzyme-linked immunoassay.
True or False: Senna has laxative effects	True. Senna contains many chemicals called sennosides. Sennosides irritate the lining of the bowel, which causes a laxative effect.
True or false: It is recommended to avoid dairy products during acute intestinal illness	True. Dairy products may cause inflammation.
True or False: When writing a paper, use a block quote if the quote is longer than 3 lines or 40 words	True
True or False: Calcium binds to oxalates in the gut	True. If there isn't enough calcium, the excess oxalate can be absorbed into the bloodstream. When there is increased fat in the gut, calcium binds to the fat instead.
True or False: Individuals with Celiac disease may also have to avoid dairy and gluten free grains	True. In some cases, the body may mistake casein in dairy for gluten, which can cause inflammation and digestive issues.
B vitamins for regulating homocysteine include the following: A. B12 B. B6 C. Folate D. All of the above	D. All of the above
If your client storms out of the office when making recommendations like cutting out processed food - What should you do? A. Go after him/her B. Do nothing C. Call his/her doctor	B. Do nothing
Light and skipjack contain less or more mercury than bluefin and yellowfin tuna?	Less
True or False: Consume no more than 12 ounces of fresh or canned tuna per week.	True. You need to consider the mercury content.
True or false: Steroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol	True
True or false: BCHNs should talk about treating or curing a client’s specific condition	False.
If a client who is progressing as expected and is very frustrated and unhappy with your program, it may be appropriate to have a discussion with the client on how to work out your differences.	False. Discuss potentially parting ways. This is the most conservative response, but it depends on your situation.
CoEnzymeQ10. Which of the following are true? A. is a vital compound found in every cell of the body. B. It plays a role in cellular energy production. C. Serves as a cofactor in the electron transport chain of the mitochondria. D. All of the above	D. All of the above
What are the primary functions of CoEnzymeQ10? A. Helping to convert nutrients into ATP. B. It serves as a cellular antioxidant. C. Is important for cardiovascular health. D. All of the above	D. All of the above
Sources of aluminum include which of the following: A. antacids B. antiperspirants C. non dairy creamers D. all of the above	D. All of the above in addition to: pots, pans, and foil.
Forms of estrogen include estrone (E1), estradiol (E2) and estriol (E3). What is true of E1? A. E1 is the primary form that the body makes after menopause. B. E1 is the primary form that the body makes before menopause. C. E1 is the form that the body can't make and make be taken exogenously.	A. E1 is the primary form that the body makes after menopause.
When is E2 created by the body? A. E2 is the primary form made by the body during reproductive years B. E2 is made by the body after the reproductive years. C. E2 is made by the body before the reproductive years.	A. E2 is the primary form made by the body during reproductive years
When is E3 made? A. during puberty. B. During pregnancy. C. Post-partum.	B. During pregnancy.
What are the primary roles of large intestine: A. absorbing water and electrolytes B. producing and absorbing vitamins C. Forming and pushing feces forward for excretion. D. All of the above	D. All of the above
Urticaria is a skin rash triggered by food, environmental exposures, or medications. What is the best treatment?	A low histamine diet may be well supportive.
Bronchitis in an infection or irritation of the bronchi. Causes are thought to be bacteria and viruses. What are supportive foods?	Supportive foods include antioxidant rich foods especially pineapple and garlic.
The hypothalamus produces which hormone?	TRH
The anterior pituitary gland produces which hormone?	TSH
The thyroid produces which hormones?	Thyroid hormones (T4 and T3)
True or false: Excess selenium can impair immune cell function and can cause a variety of symptoms.	True. Difficulty breathing, tremors, kidney failure, heart attacks, and heart failure.
True or false: Hans Selye was an endocrinologist who focused his research on the effects of stress on the human body.	True
What is used to treat osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis and relieve pain associated with these conditions?	Glucosamine sulfate
True or false: Fruits, vegetables, and their juices contain active enzymes which make them "live" foods. Raw foods contain more because enzymes are sensitive to heat and cooking.	True
True or false: Narrowing down a research topic can be done by adding "action" words and formulating questions that direct you to just that information you need to answer them.	True. Page 37 - 46 in The Craft of Research
True or false: There is often a decreased presence of antibodies in the cerebral spinal fluid of patients with Multiple Sclerosis.	False
True or false: Multiple Sclerosis can be triggered by certain viruses and infections	True
________ is an enzyme used to break down protein and is produced in the stomach by gastric chief cells.	Pepsin
Name some High oxalate foods.	Beets, beet greens, kale, collards, spinach, squash, green beans, collards, celery, green peppers, potatoes, grapes, kiwi, bread, oatmeal, almonds, Brazil nuts, chickpeas, lentils, . Page 787-790 of The Encyclopedia of Healing Foods.
Hemorrhoids are enlarged or painful varicose veins in the anal/rectal area (pg 727 of Ency. of Healing Foods). Is a high fiber diet helpful? What about flavonoid rich foods?	A high fiber diet is important for the prevention of hemorrhoid's as it helps to produce less straining during defecation. Flavonoid rich foods can also help to strengthen vein structure.
Where are Estrogen and progesterone are produced?	In the corpus luteum of the ovaries
What is the primary system that regulates the release of progesterone from the ovaries?	The hypothalamic pituitary gonadal (HPG) axis
The hypothalamus secretes gonadal releasing hormone (GnRH) which signals the anterior pituitary gland to release which two hormones?	Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).
These two hormones stimulate the release of ____ and ____from the ovaries.	Estrogen and progesterone
Calcium binds to which important regulatory protein for muscle contraction in cardiac muscle.	Troponin
The ____ is responsible for lipid absorption in the small intestine.	Jejunum
_____ is a natural food additive that comes from the seeds of the achiote tree. It can be used as a natural food color and to reduce inflammation.	Annatoo
True or false: Urinary tract infections can be supported and/or prevented through adequate hydration from water, herbal teas, cranberry or blueberry juice, and fresh fruit and vegetables juices diluted with water.	True
Cranberry juice in particular has been shown to help combat UTIs. Aim for 16 ounces per day. Cranberries contain ____ which inhibit adhesion of bacteria to the urinary tract epithelium. If the bacteria cannot adhere they will be washed away in the urine.	Proanthocyanidins
Erythroproietin (EPO) is a glycoprotein hormone produced by the kidneys. EPO is a type of growth factor that stimulates red blood cell production. It is used to treat _____which is characterized by low levels of red blood cells.	Anemia
Glutathione is susceptible to high temperatures so cooking vegetables will decrease or increase glutathione levels?	Decrease
One of the lymphatic system's roles is the absorption of fats and fat soluble vitamins from the digestive system. The lymphatic system then transports these substances to the _____ circulation.	Venous
Secretin's is a hormone that also acts as a neurotransmitter. The three main functions of secretin include:	Regulation of gastric acid, regulation of pancreatic bicarbonate, and osmoregulation.
True or false: Long term use of oral contraceptives can contribute to multiple nutrient depletions including B6, folate, magnesium, vitamin C, zinc, copper, CoQ10, B12, and riboflavin.	True
True or false: A whole foods diet and additional support from a high quality multivitamin have been shown to reduce the risk of nutrient depletions and conditions related to nutrient depletions from oral contraceptive use.	True
Diverticulitis is characterized by inflammation of the pouches in the wall of your colon. What will increase the risk?	A diet low in fiber and high in red meat may contribute to an increased risk.
Consuming a fiber rich diet low in red meat can lower the risk. Individuals with diverticulitis may want to avoid ____ but more recent research has shown that these foods are not as harmful to the condition as once thought.	Seeds
Seborrheic dermatitis is characterized by greasy scaling of the skin that appears similar to psoriasis. It is associated with dandruff and oiliness. _____ ______ may be an underlying root cause. Food allergies, a deficiency in B6 and/or biotin, and stress may also be contributing factors. Nutrition therapy involves addressing potential _____ _____ and biotin deficiency, and avoid a processed and refined diet.	Candida overgrowth food allergies
Food additives include preservatives, artificial colors, artificial flavorings, pesticides, and acidifiers. The best way to avoid these additives is to consume an _____ whole foods diet. Beverages, jellies, condiments, ice cream, baked goods, and snack foods often contain artificial colorings and _____, Processed meats often contain _____. Fruits often contain _____.	organic sweeteners nitrates waxes
When identifying gluten on a food label look for wheat, oats, barley, rye, kamut, triticale, brewer's yeast, and soy sauce. _____ is the scientific name that is sometimes used to list wheat, barley, or rye on food labels.	Triticum
The_____ _____ reaction is a sudden reaction that may occur soon after antibiotic administration. It usually manifests with symptoms such as headache, hypotension, flushing, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting, and vasodilation.	Jarisch-Herxheimer
Key nutrients needed to support the phase I detoxification pathway include: _____ _____ _____ _____ (leucine, isoleucine, and valine), riboflavin/B2, niacin/ B3, B6, folic acid, B12, glutathione, magnesium, vitamin A, and antioxidants to support the production of reaction oxygen intermediates.	branch chain amino acids
Key nutrients needed to support the phase II detoxification pathway include: glycine, Taurine, glutamine, N-acetylcysteine, cysteine, methionine, sulfur containing compounds, and _____ which is made up of glycine, cysteine, and glutamic acid.	glutathione
The glycemic _____ is a number scale used to indicate how quickly and how high the consumption of a particular food increased blood glucose levels. Foods are typically tested against the results of the selected standard which is either glucose or _____ _____. A low glycemic index indicates a gradual rise in blood sugar while a high glycemic index indicates a faster rise in blood sugar. The glycemic index does not tell you how much carbohydrate there is in a typical serving of a particular food. This is where glycemic _____ is used.	index white bread load
The glycemic load takes the glycemic index into account but gives a more complete picture of the effect that a food has on blood sugar levels based on how much carbohydrate you actually eat in a serving. A glycemic load of _____ or more is high, _____ is medium and _____ or less is low.	20 11-19 10
_____ _____ _____ ___ is thought to have multiple causes. These include but are not limited to cancer, chronic pain, chronic inflammation, lung disease, diabetes, heart disease, depression, impaired immune system, sleep disturbances, hypothyroidism, chronic candida overgrowth, stress or low adrenal function, rheumatoid arthritis, birth control pills, medications/drugs, liver disease, food allergies, nutritional deficiencies, and other unknown causes.	Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS)
Nutritional therapies for chronic fatigue syndrome include high doses of _____ _____, Magnesium, essential fatty acids, NADH, CoQ10, L carnitine, ginseng, and_____ _____ techniques.	vitamin C stress management
When certain vegetables are cooked, their cell walls break down, allowing for the release of a greater amount of nutrients. Consequently, these cooked vegetables offer higher levels of _____ such as lutein, beta-carotene, and lycopene compared to their raw counterparts.	antioxidants
Lymph nodes are one of the components that make of the lymphatic system. They are small, bean-shaped structures located along the lymphatic vessels that filter lymph and trap _____, _____, and other harmful substances. They also produce and store _____ blood cells (lymphocytes) that help fight infection.	bacteria viruses white
Lymphatic vessels are another component of the lymphatic system. These vessels form a network throughout the body, similar to _____ vessels, and carry _____, a clear fluid containing white blood cells, _____, and waste products.	blood lymph proteins
Phagocytes destroy _____ substances by engulfing them using _____ _____. Types of phagocytic cells include _____ and _____.	foreign hydrolytic enzymes macrophages neutrophils
True or false: Herbal choleretics refer to herbs that promote the release of bile from the gallbladder.	True
___ ____ has been used to treat cystitis, kidney stones, bladder stones, and urinary tract infections.	Uva Urs
_____ deficiency can result in seborrheic dermatitis in children.	Biotin
The _____ _____ is part of the lymphatic system that produces _____ _____ cells called T cells. T cells protect again disease and infection. T cells are the body's primary defense against _____.	thymus gland white blood cancer
What nutrient is important to limit with a client who is suffering from gout?	Purine as it raises uric acid levels. Purine rich foods include organ meats, game meats, gravy, alcohol, red meat, anchovies, shellfish, tuna, sardines, asparagus, and spinach.
What are the primary foods that must be avoided for gout?	Sugary drinks and foods, high fructose corn syrup, alcohol, organ meats, game meats, red meats, turkey, gravy and meat sauces, yeast, and some seafood.
Pepsin breaks down proteins into peptides or small strands of amino acids. Trypsin and chymotrypsin break down peptides into ___ ___ ____.	free amino acids
_____ ____ foods such as berries and citrus fruits can help to strengthen vein structure and support hemorrhoid relief/prevention	Flavonoid rich
Arginine is an amino acid that plays a role in _____ _____, detoxification, immune functions, and hormone secretion (insulin). It also plays a role in the production of _____ _____.	wound healing nitric oxide
_____ is the most prevalent amino acid in the human body. It is the primary fuel source for cells lining the intestines and for proper functioning of white blood cells. It is needed for cell division. _____ can help with sugar cravings and in the prevention of ulcers.	Glutamine
_____ is an amino acid found to fight herpes infection and cold sores. It plays numerous roles in the body including growth and development, calcium absorption, maintaining lean body mass, production of antibodies, hormones, and enzymes, and repair of tissue.	Lysine
Genetically modified food is a term used to describe plants and animals whose genes have been changed in the laboratory by scientists. There are many concerns surrounding this topic. There is little data on the long term safety of _____ foods. Some _____ foods like corn are created to resist synthetic pesticides. Farmers then use more pesticides on our food.	Genetically modified food GMO GMO
The average amount of water in the human body is _____. People need at least _____ of water per day to replace the water that is lost through urination, sweat, and breathing. Contributing factors to mild dehydration include diuretics, a faulty thirst alarm, dislike for the taste of water, regular exercise, living in a hot and dry climate, and consumption of coffee, soda, and beer.	10 gallons 48 ounces
The following words on a food label indicate that _____ has been added to that food: sucrose, glucose, maltose, lactose, fructose, corn syrup, white grape juice concentrate, evaporated cane juice, and high fructose corn syrup.	sugar
The trigeminal nerve extends into the brain from the face and forehead. It plays a role in inhibition of _____. Stimulating this nerve can reduce _____ occurrence.	seizures seizures
_____ is swelling caused by too much fluid trapped in the body's tissues. It can be caused by medication, pregnancy, excess dietary salt, sedentary lifestyle, and more serious health conditions like kidney damage, liver damage, congestive heart failure, inadequate lymph flow, or kidney disease.	Edema
_____ are white, opaque blemishes on the normally transparent lens of the eye. They occur as a result of _____ or _____ _____ to the protein structure of the lens. A deficiency in antioxidants such as vitamin _ and _ and _____ can increase the risk.	Cataracts free radical oxidative damage E C glutathione
_____ are tiny branches of air tubes/sacs and are located in the lungs. They take up oxygen we breathe in and keep the body going.	Alveoli
A deviated _____ can obstruct one or both nostrils, making it difficult to breathe.	septum
The _____ system is part of the body's immune response that cleans up damaged cells. It helps the body heal after injury or an infection and destroys harmful bacteria.	complement
_____ are inorganic salts that are used as preservatives in many foods such as dried fruits, deli meats, and canned vegetables.	Sulfites
Cellulose, pectin, and hemicellulose are considered _____ while fibrinogen is considered a _____	fibers protein
Reactions to perfume and chemicals is or is not a normal symptom of candidiasis.	Not
True or false: Whey protein is often considered one of the most bioavailable forms of protein.	True
True or false: The hepatic vein is located in the liver.	True
_____ _____ are small masses of lymphatic tissue found in the lining of the _____ _____ that play a crucial role in the body's immune system, specifically in monitoring and responding to potentially harmful substances or pathogens that enter the digestive tract through food or drink. These patches contain _____ which help defend against foreign invaders.	Peyer patches small intestine lymphocytes
True or false: Limiting high purine foods like organ meats and certain seafood is important for controlling gout.	True

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