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Description
Flashcards by Erin Mertens, updated 29 days ago
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Created by Erin Mertens
29 days ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Auguste Comte | Founded sociology, positivism Systematic study of society |
| Harriet Martineau | Introduced sociology to England Focused on the domestic sphere |
| Karl Marx | Founded conflict perspective Studied bourgeoisie and proletariat |
| Herbert Spencer | applied theories of Darwin to societies the term "survival of the fittest" |
| Emile Durkheim | Social bonds: mechanical solidarity or organic solidarity Wrote about social facts as external influences on behavior |
| Jane Addams | Focused on child labor, working hours, industrial safety, womens rights Helped found ACLU |
| Max Weber | Focused on bureaucracies and rationalization of society Wrote: The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism |
| W.E.B. DuBois | term"double consciousness" Wrote about African American social identities and experiences First African American to earn a doctorate from Harvard University |
| Symbolic Interactionist Perspective | Focus on micro-level processes day-to-day social interactions |
| Symbolic Interactionist Vocabulary | Symbols, language, labels, meaning, interaction, observation |
| Conflict Perspective | Macro-level analysis observes large-scale social processes wealthy / working class |
| Conflict Perspective founder | Karl Marx |
| Conflict Perspective wealth/working class | Wealth: bourgeoisie working class: proletariat |
| Conflict perspective vocabulary | power, scarce resources, competition, inequality, struggle, disparities |
| Functionalist perspective founder | Emile Durkheim |
| Functionalist vocabulary | Stability, function, dysfunction, manifest function, latent function |
| Manifest function | intended consequences of our actions |
| Latent functions | unintended consequences of our actions |
| Functionalist perspective study | The interconnected web of systems or structures, each has a specific purpose. If one system fails the entire system is threatened. The balance of society |
| Robert Merton | Function, dysfunction manifest functions, latent functions |
| Robert Merton Function | beneficial consequences of our actions |
| Robert Merton Dysfunction | harmful consequences of our actions |
| Robert Merton Manifest functions | intended consequences of our actions |
| Robert Merton Latent functions | unintended consequences of our actions |
| feminist perspective | inequality between men and women with action steps to fix or improve society |
| feminist perspective gender wage gap | difference in wages of men and women |
| feminist perspective glass ceiling | invisible barrier keeping women from advancing |
| feminist perspective sexual harassment | unwelcome advances |
| feminist vocabulary | oppression, feminism, action steps, policies, legislation, social change |
| Feminism | political and sociological movement recognizing inequalities between sexes |
| intersectional feminism | social factors, race, ethnicity, class, gender, sexual orientation |
| ethnocentrism | judgmental towards another culture, being superior |
| taboos | forbidden rules, example: incest or cannibalism |
| folkways | every day customs, informal rules |
| gender roles | society norms aligned with sex |
| George Herbert Meades 3 phases | preparatory stage play stage game stage |
| preparatory stage | Children learn by imitating the behavior and gestures of others |
| Play stage | Children begin to act out social roles they observe in their environment |
| Game stage | Children learn to relate to others by participating in organized games and activities |
| Meades theory | Explains how self-identity develops through social interactions |
| Looking glass self | A person's self-image is shaped mainly by how they believe others perceive them |
| "Mores" | The social norms and customs that are widely accepted and observed within a particular culture or society |
| socialization | learning how to be a member of society |
| agents of socialization | family, peer institutions, mass media |
| culture | Collection of values, beliefs, behaviors, and social norms that define a group of people or society |
| subculture | cultural group within a larger culture, often having beliefs or interests at variance with those of the larger culture |
| countercultural | A culture or movement that opposes or rejects the values and norms of mainstream society |
| self-image | perception of ourselves |
| self-concept | Fixed self does not change |
| aggregate | To gather or collect into a whole or mass, but no one knows each other |
| category | Share traits or characteristics |
| status | position occupied, group, society |
| role attitude | attached to a given status |
| role expectation | expectations for behavior |
| status set | All statuses a person holds |
| master status | dominant statuses example: doctor over father |
| role conflict | employee and parent example: have places to be as a parent and employee at the same time |
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