40173517
Description
Created by Rebekkah Ford
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Created by Rebekkah Ford
over 1 year ago
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| Question | Answer |
| ___ % of all production costs is ____ | 70 , Animal diet |
| Nutrition is key to production because... | We can only manage what we can measure |
| The Main Nutrients are.. | 1. Water 2. Carbohydrates 3. Protein 4. Lipids 5. Vitamins 6. Minerals |
| Water is the.. | cheapest, most abundant and essential nutriant |
| Which nutriant deficancy will kill first? | Water |
| Who has the most total body water (TBW) on average? | Infants |
| Rank body water average | 77% - Infants 60% - Adult Males 50% - Adult females |
| Why do Males have a higher TBW than Females? | Males typically have higher muscle percentage |
| Water content in body tissues | Muscles - 75% Adipose - 15% Fresh bone - 30% Tooth enamel - 5% |
| Which body tissue has the greatest amount of water content? | Muscles |
| What is Adipose? | Fat |
| What percentage of water loss will cause death? | 20% |
| What percentage of water loss will cause strong thirst? | 2% |
| What percentage of water loss will cause impaired preformance? | 3% |
| What percentage of water loss will cause difficulty concentrating? | 5% |
| What percentage of water loss will cause Dizziness? | 8% |
| What percentage of water loss will cause Muscle spasms and delirium? | 10% |
| Which nutriants are dry matter? | Carbs Protein Lipids Vitamins Minerals |
| Which nutriants are inorganic? | Minerals |
| Which nutriants are called 'Ash'? | Minerals |
| Which nutriants are organic? | carbs protein lipids vitamins |
| Is water still in the body? | No, it's turned over/recycled |
| How often is water turned over? | ~ 3 days |
| What are the main sources of water? | 1. Fresh drinking water 2. Water from food 3. Metabolic |
| How much water in intracellular? How much in interstital? | 66% , 33% |
| Highest K+ concentration? | Intracellular |
| Highest Na+/Cl- Consentration | Extracellular |
| Is interstitial and extracellular the same thing? | Yes |
| Is water concentration heavily regulated intra- or extracellularly? | Intercellularly, the body 'hates' salt |
| Catabolism | Breakdown/destruction |
| Anabolism | Growth/ Building |
| Bioavailabiliy | Proportion of substabce that is absorbed into general circulation |
| Minerals | Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, Mg2+ |
| What is Cytosol? | The fluid in the cell (makes up Cytoplasm) |
| What is the Cytosol made up of? | Water |
| What does Water do? | 1. Transports 2. Dictates Osmoality 3. Is apart of many rxn's 4. Lubricates and cushions joints 5. Gives cells shape 6. Apart of A/B regulation 7. Maintains body temp. |
| Human blood pH? | ~7.4 |
| Why does water have to be maintained between 7.35 - 7.45? | Any lower will cause acidosis Any higher will cause alkalosis |
| What is acidosis? | Body fluids are too acidic (Too little Biarbonate/Too much H+(acid)) |
| What is alkalosis | Body fluids are too basic/alkaline (Too much Bicarbonate/Too little H+(acid)) |
| Types of water loss? | Sensible and Insensible |
| Sensible water loss? | Urine Feces Lactation |
| Insensible water loss | Lungs (vapor) Skin (sweat) |
| Dietary factors that increase water intake | 1. More food 2. More protein 3. More salt 4. More indigestible fiber 5. Accessability |
| Why does fiber increase water intake | Fiber absorbs water |
| Environmental and phsycological factors that increase water intake | 1. Temp. Stress 2. Gestation/pregnancy 3. Lactation 4. Work 5. Age* 6. Disease 7. Species |
| How does age affect water intake? | The older an animal gets, the less they need to drink due to lower maintainance requirements (less muscle = less water intake) (Less bone = less water intake) |
| List species water intake per BW% from MOST to LEAST | Caprine/Ovine (Dairy) > Bovine (dairy) > Bovine (Meat) > Caprine/Ovine (Meat) > Avian > Porcine > Equine |
| List species water intake frequency from MOST to LEAST* [May be wrong don't feel like checking atm] | Avian > Porcine > Equine > Caprine/Ovine > Bovine |
| Are water quantity and quality important? | Yes, changes in both change water consumption |
| What effects water quality? | 1. Nitrates/ites 2. Fluoride 3. Heavy Metals 4. Ca, Mg, Na salts 5. Organic toxins 6. Pathogenic Organisms |
| What factors effect water quantity | 1. Facility 2. Envrionmental 3. Dietary restrictions/Deficiancies |
| What Facility factors effect water quantity? | - Capacity - Animal dominance/guarding - Water flow rate |
| What Environmental factors effect water quantity? | - Increase Heat - Freezing temps. -Drought |
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