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Flashcards by Brianna McCarthy, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Brianna McCarthy
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Abortion - Islam | “Do not destroy your offspring for fear of poverty, it is We Who provide for them... destroying them is a great sin” (Surah 17:32) - |
| Killed all of mankind | “If anyone killed a person … it will be as if he has killed all of mankind” (Al-Maidah 5:32) |
| Disease - Islam | “There is no disease that Allah has created, except that He also has created its remedy.”( Bukhari 7.582) |
| Body belongs to allah | "It is Allah that gives Life and Death and Allah sees well all that you do." (Al Imran 3:156) |
| Save all of mankind | “and if anyone has saved a life, it will be as if they have saved all of humanity” Al-Maidah 5.32) |
| Suicide - Islam | “do not kill yourselves. Allah is the most merciful to you” (Al-Nisa 4.29) |
| Surat Al-Buqara 2.156 | To Allah we belong and to him we shall return |
| Al-Nisa 4.29 | Do not kill yourselves, Allah is most merciful to you |
| Surat Al-Buqara 2.156 | To Allah we belong and to him we shall return |
| What sources does Shari'a Law draw from? | The Qur'an, Ijma and Qiyas |
| Ijmas | Consesus of scholars and the wider community |
| Qiyas | analogies applied to new ethical issues that relate to older ones "Your body belongs to Alah" can relate to a mound of ethical issues |
| Ethical teachings are reflected in the concepts of? - Islam | Ibadat and Mu'amalat |
| Ibadat | Obligatory duties to God |
| Mu'amalat | Obligatory duties that concern human relationship |
| Fiqh | Jurisprudence - legal foundation of Islamic religious, political and religious life |
| What to halal and Haraam refer to? | What is permitted and what is forbidden |
| The terms umma refers to | Worldwide muslim community |
| Sharia | Islamic law based on the Qur'an and the sunna of the prophet |
| Sunnah | All the sayings, actions and approvals attributed to Muhammad that have become models followed by Muslims - verbally transmitted and not written |
| Hadith | Reports of the Prophets doings and sayings |
| Surah At-Tin 95:4 | We have certainly created man in the best of stature |
| Stage of human spirit entering fetus - Oslam | 4 months - ijma - 120 days as according to a sunni |
| Key islamic teaching relating to abortion when a mother's health is at risk | When faced with only two bad choices, one takes the lesser of two evils - decision favours the mother as her death would create a greater negative impact on the family |
| Fatwa | Law given by authorities |
| Fatwa on abortion exceptions | The conditions for abortion were agreed to have been: - if it is decided by physicians that the foetus is grossly malformed, and that its life would be a calamity for both the family and itself - The malformation must be untreatable |
| Prophet on sins - relating to suffering of sickness as compensation for sins in past life | The sins of a person fall off like the leaves of a tree - euthanasia is not allowed as suffering a terminal sickness is an opportunity to compensate for sins |
| Brain dead euthanasia - Islam | The ijma is that if a person is on life support, in a vegetative state then life support can be removed as the person is not aware and living mentally |
| 6 ethical teachings - Islam | - Life is a gift from Allah - Duty to preserve life - Akrah - accountability for our actions - intention - Reward for suffering in afterlife - Body belongs to Allah - When faced with two evils choose the lesser |
| Jurisprudence ruling on sickness | It is the ibadat of all muslims to seek treatment |
| Tawhid | The belief in one god, Allah |
| The four sources of ethical teachings in order are: - Islam | Quran Suna and Hadith Qiya Ijma |
| Death permission - Islam | And it is not [possible] for one to die except by permission of Allah at a decree determined Al Imran 3:145 |
| When does Hajj take place? | 12th Month of the lunar year |
| 7 Stages of Hajj | 1 - Ihram 2 - Umra 3 - Mina 4 - Plains of Arafat 5 - Muzdalifah 6 - Mina 7 - Farewell Tawaf |
| Ihram | Clean and groom one's self and wear Ihram garment - white sheet around the waist and upper body = establish equality among beings |
| Which pillar does Ihram relate to? | Akira - day of judgement - everyone will be judged as equals |
| Prohibitions of Ihram | No arguing, fighting, wearing perfume or having of sexual relations - Hajj is about purity |
| Talbiya | Here I am at thy service o lord, here I am. Here I am at thy service and thou hast no partners. Thine alone is the sovereiginity. Thou hast no partners Recited 3 times in Ihram |
| What pillars does Hajj relate to? | Kutubulla - belief in the books of allah - it is clearly written in the Quran that a person must do hajj Tawhid - Acknowledgement of god as the only god Al-Qadar - Predestination |
| Umra | 1. Make Tawaf around the Ka`bah. 2. Pray two Rak`ah 3. Make Say between Safa and Marwah. |
| Tawaf | Circumabmbulating the Kaba 7 times - perfrormed at the beginning and end of hajj |
| Say | The fast walk between the hills of Safa and Marwa - reenacts Hagar and Ishmaels search for water - Rusul (messengers) and Tawhid (god used his power to provide water) |
| Mina | Where the prophet Ibrahim and his family resisted the temptations of the devil Pilgrims camp here for two days and celebrate the feast of sacrifice |
| What is done at Arafat | - Wuquf e Arafat Prayer for forgiveness of sins on the mountain of arafat against allah from noon to sunset - picking up of 49 pebbles to throw at the pillars |
| Why is arafat significant? | Where Muhammad performed his last sermon and it is where adam and eve met |
| Muzdalifa | Pilgrims stay here for the night and perform a series of prayers |
| Jaramah Aqabah | Stoning of the large pillar (Rami) - reenacting Abraham's actions against satan - Satan will never be able to seduce them - performed twice |
| Eid ul Adha | Feast of Sacrifice that takes place in Mina upon return - pilgrims provide their own meat and it is distributed to the needy |
| What does the kaba represent to Muslims? | The worship of god and the devotion to him - Abrahamic truth |
| Who were the two biblical men responsible for building the kaba? | Abraham and Muhhamad |
| Title received after completing hajj | Haji - men Haja - women |
| Sufism | Tasawuuf The science of the heart Believes that a closeness to and experience of god can be had in one's lifetime and not just after their judgement day |
| Al-Ghazali's impact of Sufism | reestablished the importance of the Sharia Law and the five pillars - stressed unity of Sharia and Tariqa |
| Book outlining Al-Ghazali's path to Sufism | Al Muniqdh min al Dalal (deliverence from error) |
| Renewer of Islam | Mujaddid |
| Al-Ghazali's achievements | - reconsiled and renewed sufism - refuted the appropriation of hellenistic philosophy into Islam - |
| Book about hellenistic philosophers | Maqasid al Falasifah (The aims of the philosophers) Tahafut al Falasifah (the incoherence of philosophers) |
| Hellenistic v Islamic - eternity of the world | Aristotle - As god is immortal so is the world Al-Ghazali - god created the world and therefor created time - time ends when the world ends |
| hellenistic v islamic - resurrection | aristotle - deny the resurrection - death seperates the soul and body al ghazali - if god can create life then he can recreate life - highlighting tawhid |
| Hellenistic v islamic - free will | hellenistic - people exercised free will in their decisions and actions al ghazali - taught predestination (al-qadar) |
| Other teachings of al-ghazali | - the quran is the direct word of god (Kutubullah) - the Path to Truth (a relationship with god) needs also a state of ecstasy or bliss, as will as submission and obedience - value in Aristotelian syllogisms in application to Islamic law - abandonment of posessions |
| Proof of Islam | Hujjat al Islam - earned for his role in defending islam against the trends of thought that were prevalent at the time |
| Importance of Kinship | Heart of Indigenous society - establishes an individuals relationship to others and the universe - outlines who with and how one is allowed to interact with others |
| 3 levels of kinship | Moiety, Totem and Skin Name |
| Moiety | The two families involved in a nation - Determines who can marry who without interbreeding - who is related - Determines who supports who - The two moieties complement and balance each other out in marriage, ceremonies and daily life |
| Totems | Nation, clan, family group and personal - totems are split between moieties to create a balance of use and protection - links people to the universe they live in - a person has the responsibility to protect their totems while those who do not have it can use it - |
| Skin Name | Determines blood lines and generational numbering Each person of the first skin name acts as the parent for every child of the second, so on and so forth |
| Characteristics of family within an aboriginal community | - An individual has many mothers, fathers, grandparents aunties and uncles who are not of their blood relation |
| Roles and responsibilities of children | - are the future of the people - carry on traditions, Dreaming, rituals, values, identity, law, lore - Learn from the elders |
| Roles ad responsibilities of Mothers and aunts | All share in nurturing, loving, caring and raising of the children (they do not discipline) |
| Roles and responsibilities of the elders - grandparents | - keepers of knowledge and wisdom - teach the knowledge of the dreaming, law and social behaviour to the next generation - Discipline the children - teach them the correct behaviour to community, land and ancestor spirits |
| Roles and responsibilities of warriors - adult males | - Protect and provide for the community - perform rituals and dances |
| ceremonies provide... | A testamant to the continuing survival of the dreaming and the interrelationships of aboriginal existence. They ensure that vital components of the dreaming stay intact |
| Connection between kinship and ceremonies | Each member of the language group has the responsibility of ensuring that their designated knowledge of the dreaming is passed on correctly - eg. gender roles define which sites are to be guarded by whom |
| Bunya feast | Here many representatives from different language groups met to discuss important issues relating to the environment and the dreaming - The finest foods are prepared - Songs and dances are performed |
| Initiation ceremony | Introduce and celebrate adolescent boys and girls as member of the community - Often involves body painting and commemorative body modifications - Special knowledge and skills are passed on through these |
| Restrictions made known by kinship | -Men and womens business - Who can and cannot be talked to and how to act around others - Who can and cannot be married - What information is secret between groups |
| Continuing effects of dispossession in relation to the separation from the land | is tantamount to a loss of identity and belonging since the dreaming is inextricably connected to the land - leads to the ever-present burden of not being able to fulfil ritual responsibilities - disconnection to ancestral spirits |
| Contiuning effects of dispossession in relation to the separation from kinship groups | - results in the loss of language, meaning that the ability to pass on beliefs in an authentic way has been destroyed - destruction of the kinship system - loss of identity and family |
| Continuing effects of dispossession in relation to the stolen generation | - Inability to maintain cultural identity through the dreaming - Removal from their nation - disconnection from the dreaming "the land is my mother" - denied the opportunity to learn and engage with cultural practices - maltreatment, sexual exploitation and humiliation within foster homes |
| Effects of dispossession today: | - children were expected to learn social skills that whites had learned over many generations - historical inequality - lower life expectancy - higher rate of infant mortality - overrepresentation in prisons - higher unemployment and drug abuse rates |
| Dates of dispossession | 1900 - 1972 |
| Bringing them Home Report | 1996 |
| Aboriginal people now make up... | 2.2% of the population (2006) |
| Aboriginal life expectancy | 56 years for men (21 years lower than the average white man) 63 years for women (lower by 20 years) |
| Importance of the dreaming | - guidance on way of life - sense of belonging and identity - purpose of life |
| Native title definition | Native title is a legal term which recognises the rights of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people to the use and occupation of lands which they have maintained a continuing, traditional connection. |
| Mabo | Went to court with the Australian gov. to try to stop them from removing the rights of Aboriginal people in Queensland - After Mabo's death, the court voted in favour for this |
| Effects of Mabo case | - Terra nullius was overturned - In 1993 the Native Title Act was passed- this act accepted the notion of native title in law and also recognised the rights of owners of freehold property |
| Wik decision | - concerned the Wik people trying to take claim to their land, which was being leased for pastoral use in 1996 - determined that native title could co-exist with other rights - the pastoralists' rights would prevail - was significant as there was increase in potential for claims |
| Importance of the dreaming in the Land Right movement | - essential in helping re‐establish spiritual links with the land they lost - Spirit beings living in the landscape - Sacred sites - Songs, languages, stories about features of the landscape - Rituals conducted on the land for various purposes |
| Religious pattern for Christianity | Decreased from 88 to 61 between 1947 and 2011 |
| Religious pattern for non Christian religions | Islam 0.04 to 2.2 Other religions 0.5 to 7.2 |
| Account for the present religious landscape in relations to Christianity as a major religious tradition | - 61% of Australians today are Christian - Catholicism increased after WWII and Cold War from 20.9% to 27% (1971) - Decreased Percentage of Anglican adherents since 1947 39.0% to 20.5% due to denominational switching |
| Account for the present religious landscape in relations to Immigration | - Multifaith society - Buddhists came after the Vietnam war, they have continued to come through immigration from Asia (0.01 - 2.5) - Increase in Islam due to conflict in the Middle East (0.04 - 2.2) |
| Account for the current religious landscape in relations to denominational switching | It is most prominent with people switching from Anglicanism to Pentecostalism and other Protestant, charismatic churches (Hillsong is more fun, families find this church easier to raise their children within) (0.03 in 1976 to 2.2 in 2011) |
| Account for the current religious landscape in relations to the rise of new age religion | NEW AGE RELIGIONS: alternative religious groups; characterised by interest in the body, experiences, and rituals - Christianity was seen as failing to provide spiritual or ethical guidance with its strict structure - Other religions 0.05 - 7.2 |
| Account for the current religious landscape in relations to secularism | - Secularism is a key feature of democracy and therefore champions the notion of freedom from religion - Increase individualism ‐ people don't look to traditional communities for meaning - Scientific scepticism ‐ a result from scientific developments - 0.3 - 22.3 |
| Describe the impact of christian ecumenical movements in Australia NCCA | “In order to express more visibly the unity willed by Christ” – share their common message and working together for the common good– Christian World Service (Act of Peace), looking after war torn communities – Prayer for Christian Unity, 8 days of prayer for unity commences annually |
| Describe the impact of Christian ecumenical movements NSW ecumenica council | 1992 – 16 churches - Purpose is to get people to reflect on theology in a united way, promote grass root initiative (people as the catalysts for change) , tackle social justice issues – Taize pilgrimage |
| Importance of interfaith dialogue | It is not an attempt to unify religions, but allows faiths to come to a better appreciation of the uniqueness of each other, respecting diversity of beliefs in the process - Interfaith Dialogue is necessary as the concept of a religiously homogeneous culture is now redundant |
| Relationship between aboriginal spiritualities and religious traditions in the process of reconciliation | o 1967 – Catholic Church & representatives of ACC were prominent leaders for the referendum to grant Aboriginal Australians citizenship • 1992 – Mabo decision publicly welcomed by church group |
| Examples of interfaith dialogue | NSW Council of Christians & Jews - Started in 1989 •holds a number of events furthering Christian‐Jewish relations • Passover demonstration directed at non‐Jewish audiences • Seminars on holocaust education |
| Christianity abortion | “Before I formed you in the womb I knew[a] you, before you were born I set you apart; I appointed you as a prophet to the nations.” Jeremiah 1:5 |
| Uniting church abortion | Synods have recognised that the final decision must be left to the pregnant woman and that the Church should support women who have an abortion– Australian Assembly of the Uniting Church statement document |
| Catholic euthanasia | “Euthanasia is a grave violation of the law of God, since it is the deliberate and morally unacceptable killing of a human person” Pope John Paul II, 1995 |
| Uniting church Euthanasia | For the Christian faith there is no one ethical stance but rather a range of views that come from each person’s understanding and experience of their faith |
| Catholicism organ donation | “The act of love which is expressed with the gift on one’s vital organs remains a genuine testimony of charity that is able to look beyond death so that life always wins.” Pope Benedict XVI (7 November 2008) |
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