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Flashcards by Antonia Smith, updated more than 1 year ago
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| Question | Answer |
| 3 components of the circulatory system | blood, blood vessels, heart |
| 3 types of blood vessels | Arteries Veins Capillaries |
| Arteries | Carry blood away from the heart, divide into smaller vessels called arterioles, carry oxygenated blood, with the exception of the pulmonary artery |
| Veins | Carry blood to the heart, divide into smaller vessels called venules, carry deoxygenated blood, with the exception of the pulmonary vein |
| Capillaries | Tiny vessels that link arteries and veins, thin walls aid diffusion to cells |
| Tough, inelastic protein (fibre) in arteries and veins | Collagen (prevents walls from over-expansion) |
| Middle layer in arteries and veins | Muscle and elastic fibre |
| Inner single layer of living cells surrounding the lumen/hollow core (epi = above, so under/inside = ?) | Endothelium |
| Vein | |
| Artery | |
| Capillary walls are ___________ and are made of ______ | permeable ; single layer of endothelium cells |
| Blood pressure | The force the blood exerts against the wall of a blood vessel |
| Function of valves | To prevent the backflow of blood |
| systolic | contraction |
| diastolic | relaxation |
| average systolic pressure | 110 -140 mm Hg |
| average diastolic pressure | 75-80 mm Hg |
| Location of the heart | Between the two lungs (slightly to the left side of the chest) just above the diaphragm in the thoracic cavity. |
| Muscle of the heart | Cardiac muscle |
| Double membrane surrounding the heart | Pericardium |
| Fluid in the pericardium | Pericardial fluid |
| What type of pump is the heart? | A double pump |
| Which ventricle is thickest? | Left (pumps blood all around the body) |
| Wall that divides the heart | Interventricular septum |
| Four chambers of the heart | Two atria Two ventricles |
| Thickness of walls in the atria | Thin |
| Tough chords / heart strings | Tendons (chordae tendinae) |
| Tendons are attached to the heart wall by projections called | papillary muscles |
| Valve on the right side of the heart | Tricuspid valve |
| Valve on the left side of the heart | Bicuspid valve |
| Valve that allows blood to flow into the pulmonary artery | Pulmonary semilunar valve |
| Valve that allows blood to flow into the aorta | Aortic semilunar valve |
| Deoxygenated blood enters the heart through the | Venae Cavae |
| Deoxygenated blood flows out of the heart to the lungs through the | pulmonary artery |
| Oxygenated blood enters the heart through the | pulmonary veins |
| The oxygenated blood flows out of the heart and around the body through the | aorta |
| The cardiac muscle is supplied with blood from the | coronary/cardiac arteries branching from the aorta at the point where it leaves the heart, just beyond the semilunar valve |
| two circuits | Pulmonary circuit Systemic circuit |
| Pulmonary circuit | the blood is pumped to the lungs to lose carbon dioxide and gain oxygen and is then returned to the heart |
| Systemic circuit | heart - body - heart |
| Heartbeat is controlled by the | Pacemaker |
| What is the pacemaker and where is it located? | A small bundle of specialised tissue located close to the entry of the superior vena cava within the right atrium wall |
| The pacemaker sends out | regular electrical impulses |
| AV node | atrio-ventricular node |
| function of the pacemaker | to control the rate of the heartbeat |
| A record of the electrical activity of the heart | ECG (electrocardiogram) |
| Nerves connecting the pacemaker to the brain (one reduces rate of heartbeat, the other increases) | Medulla oblongata |
| SA node / pacemaker | Sino-atrial node |
| noise made when the bicuspid and tricuspid valves close | lub |
| noise made when the semilunar valves close | dub |
| filling phase | diastole (approx 0.4 secs) -relaxation (passive) |
| emptying phase | systole (approx 0.4 secs) 1. Atrial systole (0.1 secs) 2. Ventricular systole (0.3 secs) |
| Exercise | increases heart rate which strengthens the cardiac muscle making it more efficient at pumping blood, this improve the oxygen supply to the cardiac muscle and reduces blood pressure |
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