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Description
Flashcards by Riah Sorn-ampai, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Riah Sorn-ampai
about 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Name the 3 types of DRIVES that motivate behavior and give examples of each | Primary/Instinctual drives (hunger/thirst) Secondary/Acquired drives (money/learned reinforcers) Exploratory drives (trying new things/exploring the environment) |
| Explain HOMEOSTASIS THEORY | Humans are motivated to maintain physiological and psychological homeostasis -- keeping ideas, behaviors, feelings balanced |
| Give examples of 3 theories that are similar to the homeostasis theories (and name the people) | Fritz Heder - Balance theory Charles Osgood & Percy Tannenbaum - Congruency theory Leon Festinger - Cognitive dissonancy theory |
| Give an example of an instance where homeostasis theories/drive-reduction theories don't hold up | When you consider people who seek out stimulation, novel experiences, self-destruction |
| Explain DRIVE-REDUCTION THEORY | Drives are the result of a deviation from homeostasis, causing psychological and physiological tension (which motivates us to do certain things) |
| What did CLARK HULL propose about motivation? | Performance = Drive x Habit People are first motivated by the drive, then act according to old, successful habits (doing what worked in the past to satisfy the drive) |
| Explain Edward Tolman's EXPECTANCY VALUE THEORY | Performance = Expectation x Value People are motivated by what they think they can achieve, but it also depends on how important the goal is |
| Who did/How was expectancy value theory applied to large organizations? | Victor Vroom proposed that people who are lower down in the employee ranks don't expect to get any company incentives, and so these incentives don't really motivate their behavior |
| Who suggested that people are motivated by a NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT? (nAch) | Henry Murray & David McClelland |
| Explain the NEED FOR ACHIEVEMENT | People are motivated by a need to pursue success and avoid failure. They set goals to feel successful. |
| How is John Atkinson's theory of motivation different from Murray's & McClelland's need for achievement (nAcH)? | Atkinson suggested that people who set realistic goals that have medium risk feel pride with accomplishment and want to succeed more than they fear failure BUT Since success is so important, these people often set goals that are unrealistic/risky, or don't persist if success is unlikely. |
| Who came up with APPROACH-AVOIDANCE CONFLICT, and what is it? | Neil Miller The feeling you get when a goal has pros & cons The further you are from the goal, the more you focus on the pros The closer you get to the goal, the more you focus on the cons/reasons to avoid the goal |
| Define: HEDONISM (in terms of motivation) | People are motivated by what brings them the most pleasure and the least pain |
| Define: THE PREMACK PRINCIPLE | People are motivated to do things they don't want to do by rewarding themselves with something they DO like afterwards |
| How does arousal fit into motivation? | An individual must be adequately aroused to learn/perform |
| What is the best level of arousal for performance? Who suggested it? | Medium Donald Hebb |
| Draw a graph of and explain YERKES-DODSON EFFECT/LAW | Too much/little energy can negatively affect performance Simple tasks should have higher levels of arousal Complex tasks should have lower levels of arousal so that you aren't too anxious to perform |
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