43143
Description
Flashcards by aleaguirre, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by aleaguirre
over 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Safe Harbor | Self-regulating policy and enforcement that meets objectives of government legislation but does not involve government regulation or enforcement. |
| Cookies | Small text files deposited on a computer hard drive when a user visits web sites |
| Web Beacons | Tiny objects invisibly embedded in e-mail messages and Web pages; Designed to monitor the behavior of the user visiting a web site or sending e-mail |
| Spyware | SW that secretly gathers information about users while they browse the Web; can come hidden in free downloads; tracks online movements, mines the information stored on a computer, or uses the computer’s CPU and storage for some task the user knows nothing about |
| Web Logs | consist of one line of information for every visitor to a web site; usually stored on a web server |
| Clickstream Data | data or information recorded about a customer during a web session such as what web sites were visited, how long the visit was, what ads were viewed, what was purchased, etc. |
| Social Engineering | talking a person into revealing critical information that can be used to obtain personal information; using one’s social skills to trick people into revealing access to credentials or other information valuable to the attacker |
| Shoulder Surfing | standing next to someone and watching as they fill out personal information on a form or listening as they verbally provide the information |
| Dumpster Diving | searching the trash for important information that can help gain access to a company’s or individual’s important information |
| Mailbox Diving | taking mail from your postal box |
| Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) | Was intended to provide standard for communicating a web site’s privacy policies to the visitor’s browser; User specifies privacy levels desired in browser settings |
| Monitoring | tracking people’s activities by such measures as number of keystrokes, error rate, and number of transactions processed |
| Intellectual Property | Intangible property that results from an individual’s or corporation’s creative activity; Involves copyrights, trademarks, trade secrets, and patents for “creations of the mind” |
| Copyright | gives the creator exclusive rights, no one else can reproduce, distribute, or perform the work without permission, granted for the life of the author plus 70 years |
| Trademark | protects product names and identifying marks (logos) |
| Trade Secrets | intellectual work or product belonging to a business – not in the public domain (formula, device, pattern, etc.) |
| Patent | protects new processes, designs; grants the owner an exclusive monopoly for 20 years |
| Software Privacy | illegal copying of SW that is protected by copyright laws |
| Cybersquatting | registering, selling, or using a domain name to profit from someone else’s trademark |
| Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) | Makes it illegal to circumvent technology-based protections of copyrighted materials |
| Computer Abuse | commission of acts involving a computer that may not be illegal but are unethical |
| Computer Crime/Fraud | commission of illegal acts through use of computer or against a computer system – computer may be the object (target) or the instrument of crime |
| Spam | Junk e-mail/unsolicited e-mail that promotes a product or service or makes some other type of solicitation |
| Digital Divide | when those with access to technology have great advantages over those without access to technology |
| Ergonomic Issues | health problems associated with the environment in which computers are used;Repetitive stress injury (RSI), Computer vision syndrome (CVS), Technostress, Role of radiation, screen emissions, low-level electromagnetic fields |
| Ethics | Principles of right and wrong that individuals, acting as free moral agents, use to make choices to guide their behaviors |
| Five Moral Dimensions of the Information Age | 1.Information rights and obligations 2.Property rights and obligations 3.Accountability and control 4.System quality 5.Quality of life |
| Profiling | Combining data from multiple sources to create dossiers of detailed information on individuals |
| Nonobvious Relationship Awareness (NORA) | Combining data from multiple sources to find obscure hidden connections that might help identify criminals or terrorists |
| Responsibility | Accepting the potential costs, duties, and obligations for decisions |
| Accountability | Mechanisms for identifying responsible parties |
| Liability | Permits individuals (and firms) to recover damages done to them |
| Due Process | Laws are well known and understood, with an ability to appeal to higher authorities |
| Ethical Analysis (5 Steps) | 1) Identify and clearly describe the facts. 2) Define the conflict or dilemma and identify the higher-order values involved. 3) Identify the stakeholders. 4) Identify the options that you can reasonably take. 5) Identify the potential consequences of your options. |
| Golden Rule | Do unto others as you would have them do unto you. |
| Immanuel Kant's Categorical Imperative | If an action is not right for everyone to take, it is not right for anyone. |
| Descartes' Rule of Change | If an action cannot be taken repeatedly, it is not right to take at all. |
| Utilitarian Principle | Take the action that achieves the higher or greater value. |
| Risk Aversion | Take the action that produces the least harm or least potential cost. |
| Ethical "No Free Lunch" Rule | Assume that virtually all tangible and intangible objects are owned by someone unless there is a specific declaration otherwise. |
| Professional Codes of Conduct | Promises by professions to regulate themselves in the general interest of society |
| Privacy | Claim of individuals to be left alone, free from surveillance or interference from other individuals, organizations, or state. Claim to be able to control information about yourself. |
| Fair information practices (FIP) | Set of principles governing the collection and use of information; Based on mutuality of interest between record holder and individual |
| Notice/ Awareness (core principle) | web sites must disclose practices before collecting data |
| Choice/ Consent (core principle) | consumers must be able to choose how information is used for secondary purposes |
| Access/ Participation | consumers must be able to review, contest accuracy of personal data |
| Security | data collectors must take steps to ensure accuracy, security of personal data |
| Enforcement | there must be mechanisms to enforce FIP principles |
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