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Description
Flashcards by ashiana121, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by ashiana121
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| In a global context, give one example as to why the issue of religious fundamentalism has emerged as a major concern? | In relation to international Islamist terrorism |
| Who provides our description of fundamentalism? | Giddens |
| How does Giddens define fundamentalist? | Traditionalists who wish to return to the fundamentals of their faith and who have an unquestioning belief in the literal truth of scripture |
| They are _________ of other views and believe to possess the truth | Intolerant |
| They rely on the ___________ of tradition e.g clergy to interpret the text and lay down rules that determine their lifestyle | Guardians of tradition |
| Fundamentalists hate _________ | Modernity |
| However they use modern methods to transmit their views and express their beliefs e.g ____________, internet, email and the electronic church | Televangelism |
| Gidden see's fundamentalism as a reaction to _____________ | Globalisation |
| Globalisation ________ traditional norms e.g about gender and sexuality | Undermines |
| Giddens contrasts fundamentalism with _____________ | Cosmopolitanism |
| Cosmopolitanism is a way of thinking that embraces modernity, is tolerant, open and constantly reflects on and changes beliefs. What does Giddens call this? | Reflexive thinking |
| Cosmopolitanism see's lifestyle as a personal choice rather than what? | Something dictated by an external religious authority |
| Cosmopolitanism emphases the pursuit of personal meaning and self improvement rather than _________ to __________ | Submission to authority |
| What does reflexive thinking involve doing? | It requires people to justify their views using rational arguments rather than referring to sacred texts |
| _____ believes that the main cause of fundamentalism is the perception by religious traditionalists that globalisation threatens their lifestyle and beliefs | Bruce |
| What does this lead them to develop? | Rigid rules about beliefs and behaviour |
| What typeof religions does Bruce see fundamentalism as confined to? | Monotheistic religions |
| Why is this? | Because monotheistic religions are based on a notion of Gods will as revealed through a single sacred text. Polytheists lack a single all-powerful deity and a single authoritative text, leaving more scope for differing interpretations |
| Bruce argues that while fundamentalists share the same characteristics such as ____ __ ___ _______ _______ ___ ______ ___, different fundamentalist movements have different origins | Belief in the literal truth of the sacred text |
| In the West, what is fundamentalism usually a reaction to? | Change within society |
| Give an example of these changes | Change towards diversity and choice |
| So, what has the New Christian right in America developed in opposition to? | Family diversity Sexual permissiveness Gender equality Secular education |
| In the Third World, what is fundamentalism usually a reaction to? | Changes being thrust upon a society from the outside |
| Give and example | Western values imposed by foreign capitalism |
| In these situations, fundamentalism involves resistance to what? | The states attempt to reduce religon's influence on society |
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