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Description
Flashcards by Sarah Arnold, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sarah Arnold
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What are three differences between an animal cell and a plant cell? | Plant cells have cell walls, plant cells have vacuoles and plant cells have chloroplasts. |
| What does the nucleus do in a cell? | Contains the genetic material of the cell and controls its activities. |
| What does the cytoplasm do in a cell? | Most chemical reactions and processes happen here, controlled by enzymes. |
| What does the cell membrane do in a cell? | Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. |
| What do mitochondria do in a cell? | Most energy is released by respiration here. |
| What do ribosomes do in a cell? | Protein synthesis happens in the ribosomes. |
| What does the cell wall do in a cell? | The cell wall strengthens a plant cell. |
| What do chloroplasts do in a cell? | They contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light for photosynthesis in plant cells. |
| What does a vacuole do and what is it filled with? | It is filled with cell sap to help keep the plant cell turgid (fully inflated with water). |
| How has a leaf cell adapted to its specialised job? | It is full of chloroplasts so it absorbs light, its regular shape and closely packed cells allow efficient light absorption. |
| How has a root hair cell adapted to its specialised job? | It absorbs water and mineral ions from the soil by having a 'finger like' structure with a thin wall, which gives a large area. |
| How has a red blood cell adapted to its specialised job? | The thin membrane lets oxygen diffuse quickly, and the shape increases oxygen absorption. |
| How has a nerve cell adapted to its specialised job? | It is long so it can carry nerve impulses to parts of the body, there are connections at each end carries electrical signals. |
| When does diffusion occur in a cell? | Diffusion occurs when particles spread and when they are free to move around. |
| What is diffusion in a cell? | Diffusion is where particles in a cell move from an area of high to low concentration. |
| What does multicellular mean and what is an example of a multicellular organism? | A multicellular organism can be a human, and it means we are made up of more than one type of cell. |
| What does unicellular mean and what is an example of a unicellular organism? | A unicellular organism means that it is made up of one type of cell only, and an example is an Amoeba. |
| In what ways is a bacterial cell different to a plant or animal cell? | It may have a flagellum (tail) and it has both chromosomal and plasmid DNA. |
| What is the order that multicellular organisms are organised into? | The order goes: Atoms, Cells, Tissues, Organs, Organ Systems and then Organism. |
| What are some examples of different tissues and what do they do? | Muscle tissues give the ability to contract and xylem carries the water in a plant. |
| How many different types of tissue in humans are there and what are they? | There are four types of tissue and they are Connective Tissue, Nervous Tissue, Muscle Tissue and Epithelial Tissue. |
| What are the different types of energy? | Kinetic, Electrical, Sound, Chemical, Gravitational Potential, Elastic Potential, Nuclear, Thermal and Magnetic Energy. |
| What does kinetic energy mean? | Moving things have kinetic energy, and the more mass a thing has the faster it moves. |
| What does electrical energy mean? | It means energy generated by electrics and everything that is plugged in has some form of it. |
| What does sound energy mean? | Sound energy is a form of energy associated with the vibration of matter. |
| What does chemical energy mean? | Chemical Energy is energy stored in the bonds of chemical compounds (atoms and molecules). |
| What does gravitational potential mean? | It is the amount of gravitational potential that an object has, objects that are higher have more of it. |
| What does elastic potential mean? | Elastic potential energy is potential energy stored by the deformation of an elastic object. |
| What is nuclear energy? | The energy released during nuclear fission or fusion, especially when used to generate electricity. |
| What is thermal energy? | The energy that comes from heat. The heat is generated by the movement of particles within an object. |
| What is magnetic energy? | Some objects can be magnetised and create magnetic fields. They exert forces on magnetised items. |
| What is an energy transfer? | Energy transfers are where energy moves from one store in different ways. |
| How can energy transfer happen? | It could happen by moving an object, heat it, cool it, stretch it or squash it. |
| What are three types of stored energy? | Gravitational Potential, Chemical and Elastic Potential energy are all types of stored energy. |
| What is the equation for energy transfer? | Energy Transferred (in joules, J) = Force (in newtons, N) x Distance (in metres, m) |
| What is heat transfer? | It is where heat is transferred from hotter objects to cooler ones. |
| What is conduction? | When an object is heated the particles vibrate, they cause the particles in the next object to vibrate. |
| What is heat radiation? | Where hot objects radiate invisible heat waves which makes objects that are colder warmer as it absorbs the heat waves. |
| What is an insulator (heat) and what does it do? | An insulator is a material that transfers heat slowly, which slows down the rate at which heat transfer happens. |
| What is the principle or conservation of energy? | Energy can never be created or destroyed - it's only ever transferred from one form to another. |
| What happens in a chemical reaction? | Bonds get broken and made in the reaction, as atoms rearrange themselves in going from the reactants to the products. |
| What are some signs of a chemical reaction? | Heat is given off, light, change of state or form, change of colour or smell, change in magnetism or smell. |
| What is combustion? | Combustion is burning in oxygen, and it needs fuel, heat and oxygen and it produces energy in the form of light and heat. |
| What is oxidation? | Oxidation is the gain of oxygen, when a substance reacts and combines with reaction, it's called an oxidation reaction. |
| What is thermal decomposition? | Thermal decomposition is when a substance breaks down into at least two other substances when heated. |
| What is an exothermic reaction? | An exothermic reaction is where heat is taken in, which results in a rise in temperature. |
| What is an endothermic reaction? | An endothermic reaction is where energy is taken in, usually in the form of heat, which results in a drop of temperature. |
| What is the word equation for calculating amounts of energy transferred? | Energy Transferred (Joules) = Power (Watts) x Time (seconds). |
| What circuit feature does this symbol represent? | A switch. |
| What circuit feature does this symbol represent? | A cell. |
| What circuit feature does this symbol represent? | A battery. |
| What circuit feature does this symbol represent? | A lamp. |
| What circuit feature does this symbol represent? | A voltmeter. |
| What circuit feature does this symbol represent? | An ammeter. |
| What circuit feature does this symbol represent? | A resistor. |
| What circuit feature does this symbol represent? | A variable resistor. |
| What circuit feature does this symbol represent? | A motor. |
| What is the current? | An electric current is a flow of electric charge around a circuit. |
| What is current measured in? | Current is measured in amperes (or amps), and the symbol for amps is A. |
| What is the potential difference? | Also called voltage, it is the difference of electrical potential between two points. |
| What is potential difference measured in? | Potential difference is measured in volts, and the symbol for volts is V. |
| What is a series circuit? | A series circuit flows constantly, and the electricity can only travel one way as there are no extra branches. |
| What is the current pattern in series circuits? | The current reading should be the same the whole way around the series circuit. |
| What is a parallel circuit? | A parallel circuit is a circuit that has multiple branches and ways for the electricity to flow around it. |
| What is the current pattern in parallel circuits? | The current is shared, but when you add up the current between the branches you get the overall current. |
| What is resistance? | Resistance is where wires and other components in the circuit slows the flow of charge through them. |
| What is resistance measured in? | The unit for resistance is the ohm, and its symbol is the Greek letter Omega, Ω. |
| How do you calculate resistance? | Resistance = Potential Difference (Volts) ÷ Current. |
| What is a compound? | A compound is made up of two or more elements that are chemically bonded together. |
| What is an element? | An element is a substance that is made up of one kind of atom. |
| What is a mixture? | A mixture has two or more types of atom in it, but they are not chemically bonded. |
| What is a particle? | A particle is a very, very small amount of matter. |
| What is a solid? |
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