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Flashcards by Reuben Veysey-Smith, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Reuben Veysey-Smith
about 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Cell Cycle | This starts after cell division and ends with the cell dividing The M phase involves mitosis and cytokineses Interphase has G1, S, and G2 phases each with a checkpoint |
| G1 phase | The cell grows and new organelles and proteins are made The checkpoint checks that all chemicals for cell division are needed and if there is any damaged DNA |
| S phase | Cell replicates its DNA ready for mitosis |
| G2 phase | Cell keeps growing and making proteins needed for division Checkpoint makes sure cell DNA has been replicated without damage |
| Reasons for meiosis | It can either be to repair damaged tissue or to grow the organism |
| Prophase | Chromosomes super coil and the centrioles move to the poles of the cell, forming a network of protein fibers called a spindle. The nuclear envelope breaks down and the chromosomes lie free in the cytoplasm |
| Metaphase | Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell and their centromeres attach to the spindles, the cell now checks all chromosomes are attached |
| Anaphase | The centriomeres divide separating each pair of sister chromotids, the spindles contract, pulling chromotids to opposite ends of the cell |
| Telophase | Chromotids reach opposite poles where they uncoil Nuclear enevelopes re-develop around each group and there are two nuclei |
| Cytokineses | The cytoplasm divides forming a clevage furrow, dividing the membrane There are now two identical daughter cells It is a separate process to mitosis and happens from around anaphase to telopahse |
| Observation | You can stain chromosomes and then view this under a light microscope, we can view plant root cells on a squash microscope |
| Male and female chromosomes | Males have the XY chromosome pair and females have XX |
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