435923
Description
Flashcards by reynoldslaura, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by reynoldslaura
about 11 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is the anterior and posterior attachment of the falx cerebri? | Anterior attachment: Frontal crest and crista gali. Posterior attachment: Internal occipital protuberance |
| What are the anterior and posterior attachments of the tentorium cerebelli? | Anterior attachment: Clinoid processes and petrous part of temporal Posterior attachment: Internal surface of occipital bone |
| What passes through the tentorial notch? | Brainstem- extends from posterior to middle cranial fossa via this gap in the dura |
| What does the diaphragma sellae cover? | Pituitary gland (has a gap for the infundibulum and hypophysial veins) |
| Where is the diaphragma sellae located? | It is suspended between the clinoid processe, over the hypophysial fossa (part of the sella turcica) |
| What does the falx cerebelli seperate? | The cerebellar hemispheres |
| What is seperated by the falx cerebri? | Right and left cerebral hemispheres |
| What is seperated by the tentorium cerebelli? | Occipital lobes of the cerebral hemispheres with the cerebellum |
| What are the 4 dural infoldings in the cranial cavity? | Falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli and diaphragma sellae |
| How are dural infoldings made? | Dura is a two layered membrane. Infoldings occur where the internal meningeal layer is reflected away from the external periosteal layer |
| How are dural venous sinuses related to dural infoldings? | Dural venous sinuses form where the dural infoldings attach to the cranium, between the two layers of dura |
| What are arachnoid granulations and what is their function? | Arachnoid granulations are tufted prolongations of the arachnoid that transfer CSF to the venous system |
| What two venous structures make up the straight sinus? | The inferior sagittal sinus and the great cerebral vein |
| What venous structures drain into the confluence of sinuses? | Superior sagittal sinus, straight sinus and occipital sinus |
| What venous structures drain into the cavernous sinus? | The superior and inferior ophthalmic veins, superficial middle cerebral vein and the sphenoparietal sinus |
| What are the three ligaments that hold the temporomandibular joint in place? | Intrinsic lateral ligament and two extrinsic ones; stylomandibular and sphenomandibular ligaments |
| What type of cartilage covers the articular surfaces of the temporomandibular joint? | Fibrocartilage |
| What type of joint is the temporomandibular joint? | Synovial joint |
| What muscles are involved in elevating the mandible? | Temporalis, masseter and medial pterygoid |
| What muscles are involved in depression of the mandible? | Lateral pterygoid, suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles |
| What muscles are involved in protrusion of the mandible? | Lateral pterygoid, masseter and medial pterygoid |
| What muscles are involved in retrusion of the mandible? | Temporalis and masseter |
| What muscles are involved in lateral movements of the mandible? (grinding and chewing) | Temporalis of same side, masseter and pterygoids of the same side |
| What two nerves may be damaged in surgical repair to the TMJ? | Auriculotemporal nerve (from post. trunk of CNV3) and the facial nerve (CNVII) |
| What are the contents of the pterygopalatine fossa? | The maxillary nerve (CNV2)- nerve to pterygoid canal and pterygopalatine ganglion AND The third part of maxillary artery |
| What are the branches of the third part of the maxillary artery? | Posterior superior alveolar, Infra orbital artery, Descending palatine, Artery of pterygoid canal, Pharyngeal and sphenopalatine arteries |
| What are the two terminal branches of the sphenopalatine artery? | Posterior lateral nasal and posterior septal branches |
| Through which foramen does the maxillary nerve (CNV2) enter the pterygopalatine fossa? | Foramen rotundum |
| Which two branches does the maxillary nerve give off in the pterygopalatine fossa? | Zygomatic nerve which divides into the zygomaticofacial and zygomaticotemporal nerves |
| Which nerve gives rise to a communicating branch that gives parasymp. fibres to lacrimal gland? | Zygomaticotemporal nerve (CNV2) |
| Which nerves suspend the pterygopalatine ganglion in the superior part of the pterygopalatine fossa? | Pterygopalatine nerves (CNV2) |
| What do the post synaptic parasymp. and symp. fibres from the pterygopalatine ganglion innervate? | Lacrimal gland and the glands of the nasal cavity, palate and superior pharynx |
| Which artery arises from the infra-orbital artery? | Anterior superior alveolar artery |
| Describe the drainage of the frontal sinus? | Frontonasal duct> ethmoidal infundibulum> semilunar hiatus of the middle meatus |
| What nerve innervates the frontal sinuses? | Supra-orbital nerve (CNV1) |
| Describe the drainage of the ethmoidal cells/sinuses. | Anterior ethmoidal cells drain into middle meatus via infundibulum. Middle cells open directly into the middle meatus and the posterior cells open into superior meatus |
| What is the nerve supply to the ethmoidal sinuses? | Anterior and posterior ethmoidal branches of the nasocillary nerves (CNV1) |
| Describe the drainage of the sphenoidal sinuses. | They drain via the opening of the sphenoidal sinus into the spheno-ethmoidal recess- superoposterior to superior conchae |
| How do the maxillary sinuses drain? | Via the maxillary ostium into the middle meatus of the nasal cavity via the semilunar hiatus |
| What is the innervation of the maxillary sinus? | Anterior, middle and posterior superior alveolar nerves (CNV2) |
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