4431623
Description
Flashcards by rlarellano, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by rlarellano
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Hindsight bias | Occurs after an event and we feel we already knew what was going to happen |
| Overconfidence | Thinking too much of yourself; too much confidence |
| Scientific Method | A way to ask and answer scientific questions by making observations and doing experiments |
| Hypothesis | An educated guess; what you think will happen |
| Operational definitions | Statement of your procedures; identifies the IV & DV, sampling & assignment |
| Case Study | In-depth investigations of a single person, group, event or community |
| Survey | A method for collecting information or data as reported by individuals |
| Naturalistic Observation | A research method involving observing subjects in their natural environment |
| Correlation | A mutual relationship or connection between two or more things. |
| Correlation COefficient | Illustrates a quantitative measure of some type of correlation and dependence, meaning statistical relationships between two or more random variables or observed data values |
| Scatterplot | A visual representation of the relationships or associations between two numerical variables, which are represented as points |
| Illusory Correlation | The phenomenon of perceiving a relationship between variables |
| Ethical Principles for Animal Research | 1. research must have a clear, scientific purpose 2. Provide humane living conditions for animals 3. Legally obtain animals 4. Least amount of suffering |
| Standard Deviation (Bell Curve) | Shows how far scores vary from the mean (Average) score |
| 68-95-99.7 RUle | Means 68% of all scores fall within one standard deviation of the mean; 95% two standard deviations, 99.7% three standard deviations |
| Normal Distribution | Forms a bell-shaped or symmetrical curve (upside down U) |
| Mode | Most frequently occuring score |
| Median | Middle score |
| Mean | Average |
| Dependent Variable | What is being measured |
| Random Assignment | Assigning participants to experimental and control groups randomly |
| Cross-sectional Study | Compares individuals at various ages at ONE POINT in time (One and done) |
| Longitudinal Study | Studies a single individual or group over a long period of time |
| Zero correlation | Indicates there is NO relationship between 2 variable Ex: hat size & shoe size |
| Negative correlation | -1.00 (Closest to it); means 2 variable move in opposite directions |
| Positive correlation | +1.00(Closest to it); means 2 variable move in the same direction Ex : Positive relationship between smoking & lung cancer |
| Random selection | Choosing of members of a population so that every individual has an equal chance of being chosen for a sample |
| Reliability | Consistence or repeatability of results |
| Skewed Distribution | Distribution with most scores squeezed to one end, few scores stretch out like tail |
| Surveys | Descriptive method; uses questionnaires or interviews |
| Researcher Bias | Tendency for researcher to look for evidence that supports their hypothesis & ignore contradictory evidence |
| Participant Bias | Tendency for participants to respond in a certain way because they know they are being observed |
| Placebo | Physical or psychological treatment given to the control group that resembles the treatment given to the experimental group, but contains no active ingredients |
| Population | All of the individuals in the group to which the study applies |
| Quantitative Data | Information can be reported as numbers for ease of handling |
| Quasi-Experiment | Measurement of DV when random assignment to groups of a randomly selected sample is not possible |
| Inferential Statistics | Statistics used to interpret data and draw conclusions |
| Descriptive Statistics | Numbers that summarize a set of research data from a sample |
| Ethical Guidelines for Human Research | 1. Informed Consent 2. Voluntary participation 3. Debriefing 4. COnfidentiality |
| COnfounding Variables | factors that cause differences between the experimental group and the control group other than the IV |
| Experiment | Research method that involves manipulation of an IV under controlled conditions and measurement of its effect on a DV |
| Experimental Group | Group that you are experimenting on; receives the IV |
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