Flashcards
Political parties - Definitions
Cards in this deck (30)
- 1Welfare-to-work:Welfare programs that boost employability skills and provide incentives for people to work.
- 2Communitarianism:The belief that people are happier and more secure if they live within communities that have clear values and a strong culture.
- 3Credit crunch:A reduction in the general availability of loans (or credit), usually due to an unwillingness of banks to lend to one another.
- 4Structural deficit:That part of a budget deficit that stems from a fundamental imbalance between the government's tax revenues and its spending level.
- 5Crowding out:The theory that an over-large state damages the performance of private businesses by depriving them of necessary resources.
- 6Social liberalism:A commitment to social welfare designed to promote equal opportunities and to help individuals to help themselves.
- 7Monetary stimulus:A policy that seeks to stimulate economic growth by reducing interest rates in order to make borrowing easier.
- 8Fiscal stimulus:A policy aimed at promoting economic growth by allowing government spending to exceed tax revenues.
- 9Faction:A group of like-minded politicians, usually formed around a key leader or in support of a set of preferred policies.
- 10Catch-all party:A party that develops policies that will appeal to the widest range of voters, by contrast with a programmatic party.
- 11Left:Political ideas that are based on generally optimistic views about human nature and favour social change; left-wingers tend to support liberty, equality an state intervention.
- 12Right:Political ideas that tend to be pessimistic about human nature and oppose change; right-wingers typically favour order, authority and oppose state intervention.
- 13Capitalism:An economic system in which wealth is owned privately and economic life is organized according to the market.
- 14Ideology:An 'ism', a more or less coherent set of ideas, values and theories that help to explain the world and guide political action.
- 15Conviction politics:A style of politics in which party policies are shaped by the ideological convictions of its leader.
- 16Social justice:A morally justifiable distribution of wealth, usually implying a desire to reduce material inequalities (rather than absolute equality).
- 17Nationalization:The extension of state control over the economy through the transfer of industries from private ownership to public ownership.
- 18Paternalism:Acting in the interests of others who are unable to make informed moral decisions, supposedly as fathers do in relation to children.
- 19Progressive taxation:A system of taxation in which the rich pay proportionally more in tax than the poor, usually based on graduated direct taxes.
- 20Consensus politics:An overlap of ideological positions between two or more political parties; an agreement about fundamental policy goals that permits disagreement on matters of detail or emphasis.
- 21Free market:The principle or policy of unrestricted market competition, free from government interference.
- 22Individualism:A belief in the primacy of the human individual, implying that people are self-interested and largely self-reliant.
- 23Collectivism:A belief in people working together and supporting one another, often (but not necessarily) linked to state intervention.
- 24Privatization:The selling off of nationalized industries and other state assets, transferring them from the public to the private sector.
- 25Minimal state:A state that only maintains domestic order, enforces legal agreements and protects against external attack, leaving other matters in the hands of the individual.
- 26Social conservatism:The belief that tradition, order and a common morality provide the basis for a stable and healthy society.
- 27Permissiveness:The willingness to allow people to make their own moral choices or to 'do their own thing' because there are no authoritative values.
- 28Euroscepticism:Opposition to the process of European integration, based on a defense of national sovereignty and national identity, Eurosceptics are not necessarily anti-European.
- 29Adversary politics:A form of politics that is characterized by deep ideological conflicts between major parties; the parties offer rival ideological visions.
- 30Third way:The idea of an alternative to both 'top down' Keynesian social democracy and the free-market policies of Thatcherism.
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- Politics (Govt & Politics: People) Flashcards on Political parties - Definitions, created by clm3496 on 12/04/2013.
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