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Description
Flashcards by Joven Alimambo, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Joven Alimambo
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Scalars | Scalars are quantities that have a magnitude |
| Vectors | Vectors are quantities that have a magnitude and direction |
| Equilibrium | For an object to be in equilibrium, there must not be any resultant force or moment acting on the object |
| Elastic Collision | In an elastic collision momentum and kinetic energy is conserved |
| Inelastic Collision | In an inelastic collision momentum is conserved but not kinetic energy |
| Workdone | A force can do work on an object or supply energy to it, if a force acts on the object whilst it moves |
| Principle of Moments | For an object to be in equilibrium, the sum of the clockwise moments is equal to the sum of the anticlockwise moments taken about any point |
| Centre of Mass | The centre of mass/ gravity of an object is the point through which the entire weight of the object is said to act |
| Newton's 1st Law | An object will remain at rest or move at a constant velocity in a straight line unless acted on by an external force |
| Newton's 2nd Law | When a body is acted on by an external force, it's acceleration is proportional to the force applied F=MA |
| Newton's 3rd Law | Everything has an equal and opposite reaction |
| Terminal Velocity | When an object falls to the ground or a car accelerates at it's maximum engine power the acceleration of the object will not remain constant |
| Elastic Limit | The greatest stress that can be applied to a material without causing permanent deformation |
| Hooke's Law | The extension is directly proportional to the force applied to it provided the elastic limit is not exceeded |
| Tensile Stress | Defined as the force per unit cross sectional area of a stretched wire |
| Tensile Strain | Defined as the extension per unit length for a stretched wire |
| Young's Modulus | Young's modulus of a material is the ratio of the tensile stress to tensile strain |
| Mechanical Waves | Produced by vibrations in a material medium (Eg. Sound waves, S and P waves) |
| Electromagnetic waves | They do not travel through a medium but can travel through a vacuum. They travel through space at the speed of light (Eg. Radio, Infrared, UV) |
| Transverse Waves | Oscillate at a right angle to the direction of the wave (Eg. EM waves) |
| Longitudinal Wave | Oscillate parallel to the direction of the wave (Eg. mechanical) |
| When light enters an optically denser medium it refracts.. | Towards the normal |
| When light enters an optically less dense medium it refracts.. | Away from the normal |
| Conditions for TOTAL INTERNAL REFLECTION: | *The angle of incidence must be greater than the critical angle *Light must travel from an optically dense medium to a less optically dense medium |
| Cladding | *prevents information to cross over from one fibre making it secure *Slightly lower refractive index compared to core making it totally internally reflect |
| Optical Fibres (ADVANTAGE) | *More information *More secure *Little energy lost (Copper loses energy through heat loss) |
| Optical Fibres (DISADVANTAGE) | *Impurity *Modal dispersion *Spectral dispersion |
| Stationary Waves | Produced when two waves of the same frequency, amplitude and constant phase difference travel in opposite directions through the same medium |
| Coherent Sources | Sources which have the same wavelength, frequency, and have a constant phase difference between them |
| Monochromatic Light | It's light of one wavelength or frequency |
| Path difference | The difference in distance travelled by one wave compared to the other |
| Diffraction | It's the spreading out of waves when they pass through an opening around an obstacle which is comparable in size to their wavelength |
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