4621444
Description
Flashcards by Michelle Browne, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Michelle Browne
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What solution is produced from the reaction of sodium with water? | A strong alkaline solution (pH 12-14) |
| What solution is formed when magnesium reacts with water? | A weak alkaline solution (pH 9-10) |
| What are the oxides formed when period 3 elements react with oxygen? | Na₂O MgO Al₂O₃ SiO₂ P₄O₁₀ SO₂ |
| Which 2 period 3 elements react slowly with air? | Aluminium and Silicon |
| What colours are the flames for the reactions of Na, Mg, P and S in air? | Na→ Yellow Mg→ Brilliant white P→ Brilliant white S→ Blue |
| Which oxides form alkaline solutions? | Sodium oxide and magnesium oxide. |
| Which oxides form acidic solutions? | Silicon oxide, phosphorus oxide and sulfur oxide. |
| What does amphoteric mean? | Can act as an acid or a base. |
| Which oxide is amphoteric? | Aluminium oxide |
| What is an oxidising agent? | -Accepts electrons -Becomes reduced |
| What is a reducing agent? | -Donates electrons -Becomes oxidised |
| What oxidation state do uncombined elements have? | 0 |
| What oxidation state do elements bonded to identical elements have? E.g. O₂ | 0 |
| What is the oxidation state of combined oxygen usually? | -2 |
| What is the oxidation state of oxygen in peroxides? | -1 |
| When does the oxidation state increase? | When an electron is lost. |
| What is the standard electrode potential of a half-cell? | The voltage measured under standard conditions when the half-cell is connected to a standard hydrogen electrode. |
| What is a selection pressure? | An environmental factor that confers greater chances of survival to reproductive age on some members of the population. E.g. predation |
| What are isolating mechanisms? | Things that may prevent a population from freely interbreeding. |
| What are some isolating mechanisms? | -Geographic barriers e.g. a mountain range. -Seasonal barriers e.g. climate change. -Reproductive barriers e.g. courtship behaviours vary. |
| What effect do isolating mechanisms have on a population? | -Leaves 2 sub-populations. -Different alleles will be eliminated/increased. -Eventually they will become different species and no longer able to interbreed. |
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