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| Question | Answer |
| Explain the difference between 'Language' and 'Variety' | Language: means a unitary system of communication that subsumes a number of mutually intelligible varieties. Dialect: distinguishable variety used in a particular region by a particular socioeconomic group or an ethnic group |
| Accent | subordinate variety of a language differing principally in phonology (pronunciation) |
| Style | "formal vs. informal" |
| Register | associated with occupational groups |
| Mutual Intelligibility | A situation in which two or more speakers of a language (or of closely related languages) can understand each other. |
| Example of sociopolitical factors on language-dialect differentiation | Ethnic conflicts in the Balkans in the 1990's. Before, serbo-croatian was viewed by its speakers as a single language containing several dialects. After, people spoke of "Serbian" and "Croatian" as two separate, distinct languages. |
| Give two examples of attitudes toward language varieties | 1. converging to another variety shows "positive attitude". Opposite is true with divergence 2. Hindi-Urdu: going divide between India and Pakistan, differences are becoming more and more magnified |
| Society | Any group of people who are drawn together for a certain purpose or purposes |
| Plurilingual | many speakers may use more than one language |
| Code | the system of communication employed by two or more people when communicating to each other in speech |
| Internal Variation | Each language exists in a number of varieties and is, in one sense, the sum of those varieties |
| Variety | A set of linguistic items with similar distribution (ex: Canadian English, London English, the English of Football Commentators) |
| What constitutes a variety? | any body of human speech patterns which are sufficiently homogenous to be analyzed |
| Give an example of Internal Variation | Oxford English |
| Hudson and Ferguson agree in defining "Variety" in terms of a specific set of "linguistic items" (sounds, words, grammar, etc.) which we can uniquely associate with some external factor. Give some examples of external factors: | Geographic are, regional, social group, ethnic background |
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