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Description
Flashcards by louisewright528, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by louisewright528
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is a Cell? | A cell is the basic unit of life, from which larger structures such as tissue and organs are made. |
| How Many Cells do Unicellular Organisms Contain? | Unicellular organisms, such as bacteria, consist of just a single cell. |
| How many Cells does a Multicellular Organism Contain? | Multicellular organisms consist of many cells- humans are made from an estimated 50 trillion cells |
| How Big are Cells? | Most plant and animal cells are between 10µm and up to 100µm in size – around the diameter of a human hair – and too small to see without a microscope. |
| What is the largest Cell in the Human Body? | The largest cell in the human body is the female egg cell, (ovum) at around 100µm in diameter |
| What is the Smallest Cell in the Human Body? | The smallest human cell is the sperm cell – the head is around 5µm long |
| What Equation is used for Calculating Magnification? | Magnification = Size of Image ÷ Actual Size of the Object |
| What is the Highest Magnification that can be attained on a Microscope? | With the use of electron microscopes, scientists can attain a magnification as high as 2×10 to the power of 6 |
| How many cells are in the Human Body? | The human body is made up of around 200 different types of cell, all working together. |
| Are Living Organisms Unicellular or Multicellular? | Most plants and animals are multicellular |
| What is a Specialized Cell? | Each type of cell has a specific structure and function. |
| What do all Cells contain? | All cells with a nucleus contain the same genes, but different cells activate different genes so they only produce the proteins they need. |
| What are Organelles? | Something all cells contain, it is certain common features and structures. |
| What do Animal Cells Contain? | Animal Cells contain: • Mitochondrion • Nucleus • Ribosome • Cytoplasm • Cell Membrane |
| What do Plant Cells Contain? | • Mitochondrion • Nucleus • Ribosome • Cytoplasm • Cell Membrane • Vacuole • Chloroplast • Cell Wall |
| What makes Bacteria different from other Cells? | Unlike other cells, bacteria have no distinct nucleus. Instead, their genetic material is contained within a coiled cluster of chromosomal DNA and a single circular strand of plasmid DNA. |
| How is Plasmid DNA Produced? | Plasmid DNA can only reproduce independently of chromosomal DNA, and can be transferred to other cells. |
| What else does Bacteria Lack from other Cells? | Bacteria also lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. Some bacteria have one or more flagella, which are used more locomotion. |
| Which Organelles are found in a typical animal cell? | Mitochondria, Ribosomes, Cell Membrane, Cytoplasm and The Nucleus |
| What is Mitochondria? | Mitochondria are the sites of energy released by respiration |
| What are Ribosomes? | Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis. They are too small to be seen with a light microscope. |
| What is the Cell Membrane? | The Cell Membrane is partially-permeable barrier that regulates substances entering and leaving the cell. |
| What is Cytoplasm? | The Cytoplasm is a jelly-like material in which all the cell’s organelles are found and in which most cellular processes and reactions take place. |
| How are White Blood Cells adapted to their Function? | White blood cells are an important group of immune system cells that recognize and destroy pathogens. Some can change shape to engulf pathogens and squeeze between other body cells. Others produce antibodies to ‘tag’ pathogens for destruction |
| How are Red Blood Cells adapted to their function? | Red Blood Cells transport oxygen molecules throughout the body. They contain a red pigment called haemoglobin which binds oxygen. They are a concave disc shape, which increases their surface-area-to-volume ratio, allowing more oxygen to be transported. |
| How are Nerve Cells (Neurones) adapted to their function? | They transmit Electrical signals throughout the body. They have a long thin axon, surrounded by a layer of insulating myelin. This increases the speed of electrical impulses. The cell body has branched endings to connect too many other nerve cells. |
| How are Goblet Cells adapted to their Function? | Goblet Cells are found in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, where they secretes mucus to lubricate and protect. The top portion of goblet cells are packed with mucus granules. The nucleus and other organelles are found near the narrow base of the cell. |
| How are Sperm Cells adapted to their function? | They have a long flexible tail, enabling them to swim towards the egg. They contain many mitochondria to provide energy for swimming. The head contains enzymes that dissolve the outer protective layer of the egg, enabling fertilization. |
| How are Muscle Cells adapted to their Function? | They make up all skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle fibres. They're long and contain protein fibres that contract when they receive an electrical impulse. This causes the cell/muscle to shorten. They can store glucose and fat, that's used when large amounts of energy are needed. |
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