4742253
Description
Flashcards by Tom Mitchell, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Tom Mitchell
almost 9 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| What is an Alkene? | An unsaturated hydrocarbon - contains one or more C=C double bond |
| What is the functional group? | The C=C bond |
| What are 3 properties of Alkenes? | Non-polar Immiscible with water Relatively low melting and boiling points |
| How is MP/BP affected by Mr/chain length? Why? | Increases with increasing Mr due to stronger London forces from an increased count of electrons |
| What does the double bond in an alkene consist of? | A sigma bond and a pi bond |
| What is a pi bond? | The sideways overlapping of p orbitals above and below the plane of the carbon atoms |
| What is the shape and angle around the C=C atoms? | Trigonal planar 120 |
| What feature allows alkenes to exhibit stereoisomerism? | Pi bond prevents free rotation |
| What are stereoisomers? | Molecules that have the same structural formula but a different arrangement of atoms in space |
| What feature do dienes/trienes have? | 2 C=C bonds 3 C=C bonds |
| What conditions must be met for E/Z isomerism? | C=C bond Different groups attached to each carbon atom of the double bond |
| Is a cis isomer E or Z? | Z |
| Is a trans isomer E or Z? | E |
| How are atoms given priority in the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog nomenclature? | Atomic Number |
| What change in structure makes alkenes much more reactive than alkanes? | Pi - bond |
| Is a pi bond weaker or stronger than a sigma bond? | Weaker |
| What is an addition reaction? | Where two molecules combine to form a larger molecule with no other products |
| What temperature and catalyst is needed for the hydrogenation of an alkene? | 423K Nickel catalyst |
| What catalyst is needed in the hydration of an alkene? | Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4) |
| What is an electrophile? | An atom or group of atoms that is attracted to an electron-rich centre and accepts an electron pair |
| What is the principle of Markownikoff's rule? | That the hydrogen atom of the hydrogen halide will attach to the carbon with the greatest number of hydrogen atoms and smallest number of carbon atoms |
| What is the difference between primary, secondary and tertiary carbocations? | Primary = 1 alkyl group, 2 hydrogen groups Secondary = 2 alkyl group, 1 hydrogen group Teriary = 3 alkyl group, 0 hydrogen groups |
| Name a way of recycling polymers | Recycling PVC recycling Use waste polymers as fuel Feedstock recycling |
| What are photodegradable polymers? | Polymers that contain bonds that are weakened by absorbing light to start degradation |
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