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Flashcards by Yusra Ali2387, updated more than 1 year ago
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| Question | Answer |
| How is social order achieved? | The central value system: our norms, values, beliefs. It sets the rules on how we should behave. |
| What is value consensus? | An agreement on the shared norms and values. |
| How are individuals integrated? | Through socialisation: internalise norms/values, becomes a part of personality structure. |
| What are the different types of socialisation? | Primary= socialisation in the home Secondary= socialisation in external institutions, e.g. school |
| What are some of the different parts of the social system? | Individual actions= governed by norms/values Status roles, e.g. 'teacher' and institutions, e.g. school |
| Why are they useful? | Breaks/orders society in groups and shows how society is integrated. |
| What is the AGIL model? | Adaptation, goal attainment, integration, latency |
| Which two are instrumental and why? | Adaptation and goal attainment: they both meet an end, for A it is material needs, provided by economic sub system, and G.A sets goals to reach those needs. |
| Which two are expressive and why? | Integration and latency: involving channelling emotions, done through integration, e.g. family, and latency, e.g. kinship systems. |
| Why is the AGIL model useful? | Shows how we fit into the social system and how society works. |
| What are the features of traditional society? | Ascribed status, kinship system, collective orientation, extended family. |
| What are the features of modern society? | Meritocracy, self orientation, nuclear family, individualism. |
| How have we moved from traditional to modern society? | Structural differentiation: move from simple to complex structures, more specialised. Functions transfer to the state, e.g. education. |
| Why is this useful? | Parsons recognises changes from traditional to modern society and the different types of society. |
| Why does Merton criticise Parsons? | Parsons assumes that everything is indispensable. Can be 'functional alternatives' e.g. lone parent families socialising children well. |
| What's another criticism from Merton? | Assumes that society always performs a positive function. Not always a smooth running system: can be dysfunction. |
| What does Merton contribute to functionalism? | There can be unintended (latent) functions. Could be more effective than manifest functions. |
| What's a post modernist criticism? | Functionalism= meta narrative Society= diverse, fragmented Theory doesn't apply: social conscience= fragmented |
| What's a criticism from action theorists? | Dennis Wrong: society's members are not passive, we have free will. Individuals create society, not vice versa. |
| What's a logical criticism? | It's unscientific: armchair theory E.g. crime: no evidence, research. |
| What's a criticism from Marxists? | Society= not harmonious--> alienation, exploitation etc. Functionalism= conservative ideology that legitimates status quo. |
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