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Description
Flashcards by Bee Brittain, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Bee Brittain
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Oil refineries separate crude oil by what process? | Fractional Distillation |
| Explain the process where crude oil Is separated | Alkanes have different boiling points depending on how long their carbon chain is. After being vaporised, the crude oil enters a column where the temperature decreases and as the vaporised gases rise, they condense at different points due to their boiling and melting points, meaning that at different levels which are then filtered out through different columns |
| What happens to the boiling point as chain length increases? | It increases |
| Alkanes are described as what? | Saturated Hydrocarbons |
| What type of bonds are in an alkane? | Single Covalent Bonds/Sigma bonds |
| Define the term: Covalent bond | A covalent bond is where a pair of electrons are shared between to atoms |
| Due to the covalent bonds in an alkane, each C atom is surrounded by how many electron pairs? | Four |
| The electron pairs around the C atom repel each other, what shape does this make around the carbon atom? And what bond angle is between the atoms? | Shape: Tetrahedral Bond Angle : 109.5 degrees |
| What is the name of the force that alkanes have? | Van de Waals / London Forces / Intermolecular Forces |
| The greater the van de Waal forces the greater the ________? | Boiling Point |
| Where do London forces act? | Between molecules with close urface contact |
| As the Alkane chain gets longer, so does the boiling point. Why? | This is because the longer chains have more close surface contact, therefore meaning that there are more/larger Van der Waals forces and more energy is needed to break them = higher boiling point |
| Fill in the blank: Branched alkanes have ________ boiling points than straight chain alkanes. Lower/Higher | Lower |
| Draw out pentane, 2-methylbutane and 2,2-Dimethylpropane. Label them with the highest boiling point and the lowest boiling point. | Pentane = Highest 2,2-Dimethylpropane = Lowest |
| Name two examples of products you can get from fractional distillation. | Petrochemicals and Fuel |
| What is the general formula of an alkane? | CnH2n+2 |
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