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| Question | Answer |
| What are Levitas' (1998) MUD, RED and SID? | MUD: Moral underclass discourse RED: Re-distributionist discourse SID: Social integrationist discourse |
| What is 'passive welfare'? | Welfare characterised by dependency, tax raises, spending and inefficiency |
| What is 'active welfare'? | Welfare that enables people to improve their position |
| Give three values that the Third Way emphasises | 1. Equality of opportunity 2. Reward according to merit 3. Responsibility |
| What was the 'windfall tax'? | A tax on the profits of privatised utilities like gas and electricity companies. Money used to fund more training and job opportunities for the unemployed |
| Which age group was the Welfare to Work scheme aimed at? | Under 25s |
| Give four options for those on the Welfare to Work programme | 1. 12 months full-time study 2. Subsidised employment for business 3. 6 months' employment with a voluntary sector employer 4. 6 months with an environmental task force |
| What happened to those who refused to participate in the Welfare to Work scheme? | They were at risk of losing benefit |
| Give one criticism from Sinclair (2006) | Focus on social exclusion detracts emphasis from redistribution of income |
| Give three criticisms from Bartholomew (2006) | 1. Hasn't diminished state intervention 2. Hasn't reduced taxes 3. Hasn't decreased spending on welfare |
| What was the Social Exclusion Unit? | Discourages truancy and drug dependency by withdrawing benefits from those who refuse rehabilitation |
| In what year was the minimum wage introduced? | 1999 |
| Describe the targets set for child poverty | 1999: Reduce child poverty by a quarter by 2004, by a half by 2010 and completely by 2020 |
| Were child benefits raised or lowered under New Labour? | Raised |
| Which two budgets provided extra resources for disadvantaged areas? | 1. New Deal for Communities 2. Single Regeneration |
| Give two advantages of Foundation trusts | 1. Money could be borrowed privately 2. Pay-scales for staff |
| Give one criticism of Foundation Status | The quality of care could differ between regions |
| Which sector is the 'Welfare to Work' scheme at risk of under-valuing? | The informal welfare sector |
| According to Page (2002), by how much did government policies reduce child poverty? | By 1 million |
| According to Goodman et al. (2003), how many pensioners were lifted out of poverty under New Labour? | 400,000 |
| What did New Labour introduce for pensioners and children? | Pension tax credit and child tax credit |
| To whom was the child tax credit paid? | Most families with children |
| According to Page (2005), what did the Gini coefficient indicate about income inequality under New Labour? | Income inequality rose |
| According to Hills and Stewart (2005) what was the trend for relative poverty under New Labour? | There was a small reduction |
| What is the Family Intervention Project? | A project aimed at tackling the passing of poverty from one generation to another |
| Which families were targeted by the Family Intervention Project? | Those experiencing unemployment, illness and anti-social behaviour |
| What was the Neighbourhood Renewal Strategy? | Aimed to regenerate the most deprived communities and improve their health and education |
| According to the Department for Education (2011), what proportion of families made significant improvement with the Family Intervention Project? | 46% |
| According to official statistics from 2011, by what proportion did anti-social behaviour decrease for families who worked with the Family Intervention Project? | 58% |
| According to the Department for Social Development (2014), name two positive effects of the Neighbourhood Renewal Strategy | 1. Leads to improved educational achievement 2. Greater sense of pride amongst neighbourhoods |
| According to Levitas (1998), which two discourses did Labour emphasise? | SID and MUD |
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