5104157
Description
Flashcards by Danielle Cope, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Danielle Cope
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| DIFFERENCE between Open and Closed blood system | In an open blood system: the transport medium is moved into a large space in the body cavity, called the haemocoel In a closed system: the blood flows in vessels |
| Earthworms CLOSED circulatory system - SINGLE | - the blood is carried in blood vessels always (vascularisation) - 5 pseudoHEARTS -earthworm blood contains haemoglobin and respiratory pigment - thickened muscular blood vessels pump the blood from the DORSAL (top) to the VENTRAL (bottom) vessel and keep it moving |
| vascularisation | means blood vessels example. earthworm |
| Haemoglobin | -is a protein -haemoglobin has an affinity for oxygen -(humans) haemoglobin binds to 4 oxygen molecules - with each oxygen it is easier for more to bind (and with each lost its harder to lose one) as the protein starts to denature and so the haemoglobin changes shape |
| Insects OPEN circulatory system | - blood bathes tissues directly (not in vessels) while held in the body (haemocoel) - long dorsal (tube-shaped) hearts running length of body (keep blood moving) - arteries (blood is circulating into the haemocoel) - ostia (blood moves back into heart through spaces) - oxygen and carbon dioxide are NOT carried in the blood so NO respiratory pigment -tracheae (gas moves through these tubes and are delivered and removed directly from cells by tracheoles) |
| Insect dorsal hearts | long dorsal tube-shaped heart running the length of insects body - pumps blood out at LOW pressure into haemocoel (where materials are exchanged between blood and body cells) - blood returns slowly to heart and circulation repeats |
| Fish CLOSED circulatory system -SINGLE | - heart pumps deoxygenated blood to gill capillaries by afferent arteries -pressure is LOST as the blood flows through the gills - oxygenated blood flows to body cells by efferent arteries and deposits oxygen -deoxygenated blood travels back to heart by veins (atrium>ventricle) to regain pressure (by pumping action of ventricle) and repeat circuit - contains respiratory pigment - 1 atrium and 1 ventricle |
| Mammals CLOSE circulatory system - DOUBLE | - FASTER + under HIGHER PRESSURE than fish (blood passes through heart twice in a single circuit (gaining pressure each time) - deoxygenated blood is pumped to gas exchange surface (lungs) by RIGHT ventricle through the pulmonary artery (Pulmonary circuit) - blood loses pressure (pass through lung capillaries) so travels back to heart in the pulmonary vein -Left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood to cells of body (high pressure) through blood vessels (systemic circuit) - organs are not in direct contact with the blood but are BATHED BY TISSUE FLUID, which seeps out of capillaries - deoxygenated blood loses pressure (passes through capillary beds of organs) so travels back to heart via vena cava - blood contains respiratory pigment, haemoglobin carries oxygen - 2 atria and 2 ventricles |
| systemic and pulmonary circuit | - SYSTEMIC circuit (heart > BODY > heart )(mammals and fish) - contains systemic capillaries - BODY capillaries (mammal and fish) - PULMONARY circuit (heart > LUNGS > heart) (ONLY mammals) - contains lung capillaires |
| features of transport systems (animals) | - a suitable medium of which to carry materials (blood) -a pump to move the blood (heart) -valves to maintain flow in one direction SOME SYSTEMS HAVE: - respiratory pigment (vertebrates and some invertebrates, NOT insects) which increases the volume of oxygen that can be transported -- a system of vessels with a branching network to distribute the transport medium to all parts of the body |
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