Peacemaking and Peacekeeping

Question	Answer
Mandate system	Instead of colonizing the territories that are not yet able to stand by themselves, the advanced countries would administer their affairs until the time that they were ready to manage their own
Mandatory powers	UK, France, Japan, Belgium, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand
Political life in Syria	Dominated by Sunni Muslims, isolating Druze and the Alawites
Revolt in July 1925	Revolt broke out in the Druze region led by Sultan Atrash. Succeeded at first in forcing the French out of the region. later became nationwide. -> Spring 1927, suppressed
14 points	- Freedom of the Seas - No Alliances - No Secret Treaties - Freedom to Trade - End of Colonies - Basically eliminate all the causes of World War 1 - Make the World Safe for Democracy - A War to End all Wars
Armistice	-a cessation of hostilities as a prelude to peace negotiations- if the Germans had not followed the terms, war would be resumed within 48 hours
Terms of Armistice	-Germs had to evacuate West Front w/in 2 weeks -Allied forces occupied left bank of Rhine River and neutral zone on Right bank -all Germ occupied territories must be evacuated -the treaty negotiated w/ Russia (Brest Litovsk) was annulled -Germ lost its military equipment- 30,000 machine guns, and a fleet of subs that GB gained
ruhr crisis	-french invaded the ruhr and plunged germany into political and economic chaos with a real threat of anarchy or revolution
Treaty of Versailles	-dictated peace -only a treaty w/ Germ -440 articles -territorial issues
Territorial issues	-Germany lost 13% of its territory -lost 10% of its population -lost eupen malmedy to belgium -lost land in order to create the polish corridor -alsace lorraine back to france -schleswig goes to denmark -mandate system was established
demilitarization	-germany could only have an army of 100,000 -of that, only 4,000 could be officers -and can only serve 12 years at most -no air force -reduced navy -offensive weapons were prohibited -an allied military commission was supposed to supervise
Self Determination	nations with equal rights and equality of opportunity have the right to freely choose their sovereignty and international political status with no external compulsion or interference
Who led the UK and what did they want?	- Led by Lloyd George - Elimination of the German ﬂeet - End of the German Empire - Defeat of German planes to est control in Eastern Europe - A return to normal trading relations - Reparations from Germany - Guilt - Money
What did France want?	-Germany to disarm, territory reduced, heavy reparations - Alsace-Lorraine - Make the Rhine a Puppet State of France - Control of Luxembourg and Belgium- Acquisition of the Saar Region in W Germany as compensation - -a ﬁrm alliance with the US and UK
What did Japan want?	recognition for its dominant role in China - Felt entitled to the former German Islands it had captured in the Paciﬁc - sought recognition through a statement recognizing racial equality in the peace settlements
Treaties that settled the war	Treaty of Versailles - 1919, Treaty of St Germain- 1919, Treaty Trianon- 1919-20, Treaty of Neuilly 1919-20, Treaty of Servers 1923, Treaty of Lausanne 1923
Treaty of St Germain	- Deals with Austrian Empire - Dissolution of Austrian Empire - They had to pay reparations - They couldn’t have a large standing army - They had to accept blame - they lost all colonial possessions - they couldn’t do basically anything politically or internationally w/o consulting the LON
Treaty of Trianon 1919-20	- Dealt with Hungary as the successor of the Former Austria-Hungary Empire - Hungary lost 72% of the territory it controlled. left 64% of inhabitants, including 3.3 out of 10.7 million (31%) ethnic Hungarians, living outside Hungary - Hungary lost ﬁve of its 10 most populous cities as well - Had grave political, economic, and social consequences
Treaty of Neuilly	-Dealt with Bulgaria - had to pay reparations, give up land, accept defeat, take blame, deplete the army, etc..... - They called it the The Second National Catastrophe - Ultimately it pushed them into the arms of the Nazis before WW2
Treaty of Sevres	- Dealt with former Ottoman empire - Kingdom of Hejaz was granted international recognition - Armenia was recognized as an established state - The Allies were to control the Ottoman Empire's ﬁnances - The Ottoman Army was to be restricted to 50,700 men; the Ottoman navy could only preserve seven sloops and six torpedo boats; and the Ottoman state was prohibited from obtaining an air force. - France received Syria and neighboring parts of Southeastern Anatolia with other territories coming under French inﬂuence - Italy was conﬁrmed in the possession of the Dodecanese Islands
Treaty of Lausanne	Treaty Following the Failure of the of the Treaty of Sevres (Failed when national movement fought against allies over losses of signiﬁcant parts of Anatolia) - stop of hostilities between nationalist and allies - deﬁned all of the borders of Modern Turkey except their border with Iraq - Turkey gave up all claims to the remaining parts of the Ottoman Empire - Allies recognized Turkish sovereignty
US Policy after war	Isolationism After the war, the US was the wealthiest and most powerful in the world All allied nations were in debt to her Wilson and his stubbornness Article X (League of Nations provision) Also, did not sign the Anglo-American Guarantee (Agreement to guarantee military support of British and Us to French) Return to “Normalcy”
Real purpose of League of Nations	The purpose of the LON was to resolve disputes with nations in order to preserve peace
Reasons the League of Nations had no support	-The Depression -Probably the most important reason the LON failed -No one had any money to fund it or support others in need -Also was #1 factor leading to Hitler's rise -Ended the idealistic days after WWI -Led to more pessimism -Led to the Manchurian crisis and the Abyssinian crisis
locarno treaty	-germany accepted its borders with france and belgium as permanent and these borders were guaranteed by the UK and italy -germany would also join the league

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