B1

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B1
mikerobinson200
Flashcards by mikerobinson200, updated more than 1 year ago
mikerobinson200
Created by mikerobinson200 over 8 years ago
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B1 CLASSIFICATION Keep Ponds Clean Or Frogs Get Sick Animalia: Multicellular, no cell wall, no clorophyll, eat heterotrophically (eat other orgamisms). Plantae: Multicellular, cell wall,chlorophyll, feed autotrophically (make own food). Fungi: Multicellular, no cell wall no chlorophyll, feed saprophytically (digest food outside body). Protoctista: Unicellular (mostly), nucleus. Prokaryotae: Unicellular, no nucleus.
B1 Vertebrates and Invertebrates Vertebrates: With backbone.
B1 SPECIES Species: a group of organisms that can produce a fertile offspring. Hybrid:Made from interbreeding, sterile (unless closely related).
B1 BINOMIAL CLASSIFICATION Binomial name: Genus and species (in Latin). Ring species: Neighboring species can mate but not others.
B1 REASONS FOR VARIETY Different species are adapted to different environments. Discontinuous variation: Characteristics controlled by genes. Acquired characteristic: Changed by environment. Continuous variation: Where a characteristic varies gradually (eg Height). Normal distribution curve: bell shape, most common in the middle.
B1 RESPONDING TO STIMULI Synapses: Point where two neurones meet, there is a small gap, impulse carried by neurotransmitters. Reflex arc: simplest neurone pathway from receptor cell to effector cell.
B1 HORMONES Hormones: Chemical messengers produced by endocrine glands, released into blood, travel round body looking for organ, triggers organ to release chemical, different hormone-different organ.
B1 BLOOD GLUCOSE REGULATION
B1 DIABETES Type 1: Don't produce insulin, insulin must be injected Type 2: Too fat, liver resistant to own insulin, must regulate sugar levels with exercise and by eating foods with less sugar or overdose on insulin
B1 PLANT HORMONES Tropism: Response to stimulus, phototropism-towards light, gravitropism-towards gravity. Auxins: make cells grow longer, they move to shaded part of shoot, point shoot towards the sun. Gibberellins: make plant shoots grow longer, control when seeds germinate.
B1 USES OF PLANT HORMONES Used to control the way a plant grows. Rooting powder: Dip cuttings into it (it contains auxins), make roots grow quickly. Seedless fruit: Hormones sparyed on, stop seeds developing, make fruit grow larger.
B1 EFFECTS OF DRUGS A chemical that affects the central nervous system. Smoking: Carbon Monoxide reduces amount of oxygen blood can carry,tar and carcinogens cause cancer, nicotine is addictive. Painkiller: Block nerve impulses from pain. Stimulant: Depressant: Hallucinogen:
B1 EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL Short term: Blurred vision, slow reactions, lowered inhibitions (take more risks). Long term: Brain damage, liver cirrhosis.
B1 ETHICS AND TRANSPLANTS Transplants: Some diseases can be cured by replacing an unhealthy organ with a healthy one. Ethics 1-who should get the heart: Over weight person is less likely to survive but everyone should be treated equal. Ethics 2- say yes or no: People should say if they don't want their organs used (increase in available organs), people should say if they do because relatives may object.
B1 PATHOGENS AND INFECTION Infectious: Passed from person to person Pathogen: Organism carrying infectious disease. Pathogens are spread through: Food, water, insects, air, exchange of body fluids, contact, animal vector (mosquito)
B1 ANTISEPTICS AND ANTIBIOTICS 1 Antibacterials: kills or stops bacteria growing Antibiotic: Does same as antibacterial but after you are infected Antifungal: Kills or stops fungi growing Antiseptics: Kills pathogens on a surface
B1 ANTISEPTICS AND ANTIBIOTICS 2 Effect: Can be studied on Petri dish Resistance: All is killed except for most resistant, these multiply causing a antibiotic-resistant infection. Reduction of resistance: only use antibiotics when essential, complete antibiotic course.
B1 INTERDEPENDENCE AND FOOD WEBS Life or death of an organism effects all organisms in the food web.
B1 PYRAMID OF BIOMASS
B1 PARASITES AND MUTUALISTS Parasite: Feeds off another organism (harming but not killing) Mutualist: Two organisms that live closely together (work together to survive)
B1 POLLUTION Population change: Population is increasing, as it does, so will pollution. Pollutant: Something that can damage the environment and organisms in it. Pollutants include: Sulfur dioxide, phosphates, nitrates Eutropication: where fertilisers get into a steam causing, eventually, fish to die.
B1 POLLUTION INDICATORS Indicator species: shows whether something is present Air pollution: Lichen shows low air pollution, Blackspot shows high Water pollution: Blood worms and sludge worms indicate pollution, stonefly larvae and fresh water shrimps show low pollution.
B1 THE CARBON CYCLE
B1 THE NITROGEN CYCLE
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