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Description
Flashcards by mikerobinson200, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by mikerobinson200
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| C1 THE EARLY ATMOSPHERE | Formed by gasses from volcanoes. Large amounts of carbon dioxide and water vapour, hardly any oxygen, small amounts of other gasses. |
| C1 A CHANGING ATMOSPHERE | Fossil fuels increase CO2, farming increases CH4 and O2, deforestation decreases O2 and increases CO2, volcanoes increase CO2 and SO2. |
| C1 ROCKS AND THEIR FORMATION | Igneous rocks: From magma or lava, made from inter locking crystals, the slower it cooled, the bigger the crystals (basalt-small,granite-big) Sedimentary rocks:Compacted sediment, erode easily, made from founded grains, contain fossils (chalk, limestone) Metamorphic rocks: Sedimentary under lots of heat and pressure, form crystals (Marble-from chalk or limestone) |
| C1 LIMESTONE AND ITS USES | Using limestone:Buildings, roads, railways, glass, concrete, cement. Quarrying-Good: Important material, creates jobs, helps UK and local economy. Quarrying-Bad: Dust, noise, destruction, wildlife, scenery, traffic, pollution) |
| C1 FORMULAE AND EQUATIONS | Molecule: Two or more, one type of atom Compound: Two or more, different atoms Mixture: Not chemically joined |
| C1 CHEMICAL REACTIONS | Thermal decomposition: Metal carbonates decompose when heated, oxide and carbon dioxide formed Precipitation reactions: Two soluble substances form one insoluble substance (precipitate) |
| C1 REACTIONS OF CALCIUM COMPOUNDS | Limewater: calcium hydroxide dissolved in water, test for CO2 (if present goes cloudy) Using calcium carbonate: neutralisation of acidic compounds (eg. used by farmers on soil) |
| C1 INDIGESTION | Hydrocloric acid: made by stomach, kills bacteria, helps digestion with use of enzymes-only work in acidic conditions, too much = indigestion Acid+base--->salt+water |
| C1 NEUTRALISATION | Neutralisation: Can be done with metal oxides, hydroxides and carbonates acid+metal oxide--->salt+H2O acid+metal hydroxide--->salt+H2O acid+metal carbonate --->salt+H2O+CO2 |
| C1 IMPORTANCE OF CHLORINE | Electrolysis: decomposition of a compound with a dc current Hydrocloric acid-->chlorine+H2O Chlorine: obtained from sea water through electrolysis Uses: Bleach, PVC (plastic) Dangers: toxic gas, kills microorganisms, can harm or kill |
| C1 ELECTROLYSIS OF WATER | 2H2O--->2H2+O2 Hydrogen test: lit splint, will pop Oxygen test: glowing splint, will relight Chlorine: Damp blue litmus paper, red then will bleach white. |
| C1 ORES | Extracting metals: most found as compounds (if unreactive, found as pure metal) |
| C1 OXIDATION AND REDUCTION | Oxidation: Gaining oxygen Reduction: loss of oxygen Higher in reactivity series, corrode faster. |
| C1 RECYCLING MATERIALS | Materials will last longer, less mines,less pollution (less energy to recycle than to extract), less land for landfill Gold: jewellery, small electrical devices Copper: wireing, water pipes Steel: Bridges, cars, buildings Aluminium:planes, cars |
| C1 ALLOYS | Alloy: mixture of metals (eg. steel) Gold: Too soft, alloys used Shape memory alloys: Nitinol goes to original shape when heated |
| C1 CRUDE OIL | Hydrocarbons: Hydrogen and carbon only Crude oil: contains a mixture of hydrocarbons, not very useful as crude oil |
| C1 CRUDE OIL FRACTIONS | Gasses:heating and cooking Kerosene: fuel for aircraft Fuel oil: Large ships and power stations Bitumen: roads and roofs Gas (compared to bitumen): low boiling point, easy to set alight, low viscosity (runny) |
| C1 COMBUSTION | Burning hydrocarbons with oxygen: CO2 and H2O produced |
| C1 ACID RAIN | Sulfur dioxide: Most hydocarbon fuels contain impurities such as sufur, when the hydrocarbon is burnt, sulfur dioxide is formed |
| C1 CLIMATE CHANGE | Reducing CO2: Seeding oceans with iron compounds, encorages microscopic plants capturing CO2 and converting it back into hydrocarbons |
| C1 BIOFUELS | Biofuel: Fuel made from plants (eg. wood or ethanol from sugar cane or sugar beet) Advantages: Renewable, less pollution (however fossil fuels are used for transport and conversion into ethanol) Disadvantages: Uses up land-leads to higher food prices |
| C1 CHOOSING FUELS | Good fuel: burn easily, not produce ash or smoke, release lots of energy, easy to store and transport |
| C1 ALKANES AND ALKENES | Alkenes: unsaturated, have a carbon-carbon double bond Unsaturated: Has a double bond Bromine test: To find out if a liquid contains double bonds, Bromine dissolved in water is orange but becomes colourless when mixed with unsaturated molecules. |
| C1 CRACKING | Breaking down long chains into short chains and alkenes. Cracking is necessary because there is a lager demand than supply for short chain molecules but vice verca for long chain. |
| C1 CRACKING PARAFFIN | |
| C1 POLYMERISATION | Ethene can be polymerised to form poly(ethene) (polymer) Small alkene molecules: Monomers |
| C1 PROBLEMS WITH POLYMERS | Biodegradability: Polymers don't rot - useful because will last a long time. Disposing of polymers - good: Recycling - can melt to make new products, biodegradable poymers - in development, will rot away Disposing of polymers - bad: Landfill - running out of landfill sites, burning - release toxic gases |
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