LIBERALISM

Question	Answer
Name two key thinkers for Liberalism	John Locke and John Stuart Mill
What is the Liberal view on human nature	they are rational and can make choices based on rational thought
what is more important state or the individual	Individual this is one of the key concepts on Liberalism
name three key points associated with _Focus on the Individual	Importance is set on the individual Freedoms and liberties Rational human nature
what is Social Contract and Consent	Government is based on an agreement or understand where the people give up some sovereignty and gain protection from the state.
what is the difference between Constitutionalism and the Rule of Law	Constitution stops the state harming people Law stops people hurting each other
How do Liberals think the government should be limited?	(a)by the formal separation of powers into legislature, executive and judiciary. (b)by the constitution.
What do liberals mean by Freedom as Choice	rational individuals pursue their own interests. J.S Mills and others also introduced humanitarian elements into this ideology, such as freedom of speech, thought and religion.
what is Equality of Opportunity	all people should have the same opportunities available. Does not mean outcome would be equal
What is Social Justice Based on Merit	 Individuals are said to gain rewards in proportion to their talents and merits and in exchange for their contribution to society.  Liberals see social justice in terms of just procedures rather than in terms of predictable or just outcomes.
What is Tolerance in liberalism	 Society should accept a variety of religious, moral and political opinions.  Human and civil rights belong to all by virtue of their humanity.  From the ideal of tolerance derives the conviction of a pluralist society which accommodates a multiplicity of beliefs.
Liberals believe in 2 spears what aspects of life do they cover	Private and Public Life
What sphere can the government interfere with according to Liberals	Government can interfere with the public, but not with the private sphere.
In Two Treatises of Government 1689, what aspects of Liberalism did John Lock discuss	Human Rights- in relation to property Social contract - entering society and giving up some power to state in exchange for protection
In On Liberty 1859 what aspects of Liberalism does John Stewart Mills discuss	Freedom including speech, religion and choice Tolerance social contract in relation to harm
Who said “[The] only purpose for which power can be rightfully exercised over any member of a civilized community, against his will, is to prevent harm to others“	J.S. Mill in On Liberty 1859
what is the main focus of Liberalism	individual freedom, human rights and liberties.
What is the governments role in society	Limited government, only to protect individuals & to prevent harm
How is the governments power limited	Limited governmental constitutionalism and separation into legislature, executive and judiciary.
what is a social contract?	Social contract between government & people based on consent
what is social justice based on	Merrit
there is a Distinction between ????? and ?????? life – also to limit ??????? interference.	Public and Private Limit to government
What are the issues affecting Liberalism?	People are not ALL going to be rational What is harm? People do not always know what is best for them and may harm themselves
Critique Liberalism	 Is the individual really always the best judge of what is in her own best interest?  Is it really possible to draw a sharp distinction between the public and the private sphere?  State should only interfere when harm is caused to other individuals. What constitutes harm?  Are there actions which really only affect the individual?  If everyone is only concerned with individual interests, do we have enough people who participate in our democracy?

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	Created by Nikki Wyles over 8 years ago