5259518
Description
Flashcards by Sophie Burk, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Sophie Burk
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| List the principle structures of the ventilatory system | nose, mouth, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, lungs, alveoli |
| Outline the functions of the conducting airways | low resistance for air flow, defence against chemicals/harmful air substances, warming and moistening the air |
| Define pulmonary ventilation (breathing) | the total volume of gas per minute inspired or expired |
| Define total lung capacity | the volume in the lungs at maximal inflation |
| Define vital capacity | the volume of air breathed out after the deepest inhalation |
| Define tidal volume | the volume of air moved into or out of the lungs during quiet breathing |
| Define expiratory reserve volume | the maximal volume of air that can be exhaled from the end-expiratory level |
| Define inspiratory reserve volume | the maximal volume of air can be inhaled from the end-inspiratory level |
| Define residual volume | the volume of air remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation |
| Explain the mechanics of ventilation in the human lungs | -The action of breathing in and out is due to changes of pressure. -When we inhale the intercostal muscles (between the ribs) and diaphragm contract to expand the chest cavity. -Inhilation/exhalation is an inverse process. -The abs are also involved in strenuous exercise |
| Describe nervous and chemical control of ventilation during exercise. | -medulla oblongata controls breathing -expiratory centre sends impulses to the internal intercostals to speed up expiratory process -increase CO2 causes the acidity of the blood to decrease blood pH -a change in acidity of the blood is detected by chemoreceptors which send nerve impulses to the respiratory muscles which increase the rate of ventilation |
| Outline the role of hemoglobin in oxygen transport | Most oxygen in the blood is transported by hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin within red blood cells Hemoglobin is a protein that allows oxygen to bind to RBC |
| Explain the process of gaseous exchange in the alveoli | Alveoli inflate and deflate with inhalation and exhalation. Gases move by diffusion from where they have a high concentration to where they have a low concentration: The carbon dioxide diffuses from the arriving venous blood and into the air which exits the body during exhalation. |
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