5284963
Description
Flashcards by Niha Waseem, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by Niha Waseem
over 8 years ago
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| Question | Answer |
| Define ACIDS | Substances that donate hydrogen ions [H+] when dissolved in water |
| Name three inorganic acids! | - Hydrochloric Acid [HCl] - Sulphuric Acid [H2SO4] - Nitric Acid [HNo3] |
| Name two organic acids! | - Ethanoic solutions found in vinegar - Citric acid found in lemon juice |
| When is a solution said to be acidic? | When there are more hydrogen ions that hydroxide ions |
| Define bases | The chemical opposites of acids |
| What happens when a base is added to an acid? | It neutralizes or cancels out the acidity |
| Give 5 examples of bases! | 1} Copper [II] Oxide (CuO) 2} Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) 3} Magnesium Carbonate (MgCO3) 4} Calcium Hydrogen Carbonate (Ca[HCO3]2 5} Ammonia solution (NH3) |
| Define alkalis | Bases which are soluble in water |
| Give 4 examples of alkalis! | Sodium Hydroxide - NaOH Potassium Hydroxide - KOH Calcium Hydroxide - Ca(OH)2 Ammonia solution - NH3 |
| When is a solution said to be alkaline? | When there are more hydroxide ions that hydrogen ions |
| Acid + Metal = ? | Salt + Hydrogen gas |
| Acid + Metal Oxide = ? | Salt + Water |
| Acid + Carbonate = ? | Salt + Water + Carbon Dioxide gas |
| Distinguish between strong and weak acids | A strong acid ionises completely to produce hydrogen ions in water, while a weak acid gets partially ionised to produce hydrogen ions when dissolved in water |
| Give 4 uses of Acids! | - Strong acids are used to make fertilizers, detergents, and paints - Acids are also used to remove ruse [e.g. sulfuric acid, hydochloric acid] - Acids are used as food preservatives [e.g. benzoic, citric and ethanoic acid] |
| Give 4 uses of Alkalis! | - Alkalis are present in a number of household products [e.g. drain cleaners, oven cleaners] - Sodium Hydroxide: manufacture of soap - Slaked lime (Ca[OH]2): treatment of acidic soil - Milk of Magnesia (Mg[OH]2): used in antacid tablets to neutralize acids in stomach |
| Define Neutralization | The reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water only |
| What happens when an acid is added to an alkali? | - the pH decreases - the conductivity of the solution decreases, as the H+ and OH- ions from water molecules - temperature of solution increases |
| Name two ways Neutralization reactions take place in agriculture | - To treat acidic soil: lime fertilizers such as powdered lime [CaO], limestone [CaCO3], or ashes of burnt wood are added to the soil to neutralize its acidity - To treat basic soil: treatment is using compost of rotting vegetables or leaves. acidic gas from decomposition neutralizes alkalis in basic soils |
| Name two ways Neutralization reactions take place in industries | - to treat acidic wastes: water from electroplating industry contains acids [e.g. sulfuric acid] which are neutralized with lime before being discharged into rivers and streams - to treat acidic gas |
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